Agrarian innovations

Raisa Anatoliivna Vozhehova’s Anniversary

2025-07-14T09:12:35+03:00

Raisa Anatoliivna Vozhehova’s Anniversary

Assessment of yield and quality of indeterminate hybrids of pink-fruited tomato for winter greenhouses of the Steppe zone of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:40:16+03:00

The article deals with promising pink-fruited hybrids for cultivation in glass greenhouses of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The research was conducted with such indeterminate pink-fruited tomato hybrids as: Esmira F1 (control), Fujimaru F1, Tomimaru Mucho F1, Hakimaru F1. The research determined the yield of hybrids, recorded the duration of the main phenological phases during the period of growing tomato plants, determined biometric parameters, obtained the dynamics of fruit formation and their marketability. The pink-fruited tomato was grown using modern technology by the method of low-volume hydroponics. The microclimate in the greenhouse (temperature, humidity, ventilation, carbon dioxide supply) is automated and controlled by a computer. Promising indeterminate hybrids were from the Dutch manufacturer, Monsanto, with similar biological characteristics and quality indicators: Fujimaru F1, Tomimaru Mucho F1, and Hakimaru F1. And also a hybrid from Rijk Zwaan – Esmira F1 (control). The method of cultivation is seedling. Plant density – 25 thousand plants per hectare, with a further increase in density to 31 thousand plants per hectare. The area of the plots was 10 m2, replicated four times. Tomato plants were grown according to the recommended technology for winter greenhouses, namely, seedlings were grown in the seedling department for 32 days. The seedlings were planted in the greenhouse at a permanent place of cultivation and the plants were cared for according to the technology of growing in the greenhouse. Tomato harvesting was carried out during all months of fruiting (March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November) three times a week. Experimental studies were conducted in 2024 at the enterprise LLC TC “Dniprovskyi”, which is located in the Dniprovskyi district, Dnipro region. The aim of the study was to evaluate and select hybrids of pink-fruited tomato in terms of yield for winter greenhouses. The obtained results will provide information for agricultural enterprises and farmers to select the most productive and adapted hybrids of pink tomato for growing in winter greenhouses of the Steppe zone of Ukraine, contributing to increased yields and economic efficiency. As a result of the research, it was found that the Fujimaru hybrid exceeded the control tomato hybrid Esmira by the sum of indicators and is preferable for growing in winter greenhouses for extended crop rotation.

Study of the intensity of accumulation of heavy metals by Melilotus albus plants on soils affected by hostilities

2025-07-14T17:40:13+03:00

The aim of the study is to lern the intensity of accumulation of heavy metals in Melilotus albus plants grown on soils affected by hostilities, in particular as a result of contamination by fragments of ammunition, explosives, heavy equipment and armed intervention. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the phytoremediation potential of Melilotus albus as a crop for the restoration of degraded areas and the purification of soils from toxic elements. Methods. The methodological basis of this study is: empirical (field experiments and observations; measurement of indicators of the object of study; theoretical (hypothesis formulation and formation of conclusions based on research results; statistical; mathematical. Results. The intensity of heavy metal contamination of different types of soils that have suffered the consequences of hostilities and the cultivation of phytoremediant plants of Melilotus albus on them was studied. Exceedance of the maximum permissible concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu was established in sod-podzolic soils of the city of Ovruch, Zhytomyr region and gray forest soils of the city of Kalynivka, which were directly exposed to the effects of hostilities, in the form of detonation of debris materials of cruise missiles Х-101. Studies have shown the effectiveness of growing Melilotus albus on such soils as a powerful phytoremediant. In the plant mass of Melilotus albus, the maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals was found to be exceeded only for Zn, which indicates the positive effect of growing this crop on lands affected by hostilities. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the high efficiency of Melilotus albus in the processes of phytoremediation of soils contaminated as a result of hostilities. The plant has shown the ability to accumulate heavy metals: Pb, Cd and Cu and to a lesser extent – Zn, which Melilotus albus can accumulate in higher concentrations, which is shown in our studies, to tolerate high concentrations of pollutants. To remove excess concentrations of Zn, other phytoremediant crops can be planted on these lands, which are able to accumulate the heavy metal – Zn to a lesser extent.

Peculiarities of soybean productivity formation under the influence of micronutrients and growth regulators

2025-07-14T17:40:08+03:00

The aim of the study was to identify soybean varieties most adapted to the regional conditions and to select the most effective combinations of micronutrients and growth regulators for their cultivation. Methods. Field research was conducted under the conditions of the unstable moisture zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The study evaluated the effectiveness of cultivating the soybean varieties Aratta, Cordoba, and Feyeria, and examined the influence of technological factors: micronutrients (YaraVita Mono Molytrac at the budding stage (0.25 L/ha) and at both the budding (0.25 L/ha) and flowering stages (0.25 L/ha)); and growth regulators (Biosil and Radostym). Results. The highest yield for the Aratta variety was obtained with the combination of YaraVita Mono Molytrac at the budding stage and the Radostym growth regulator – 2.35 t/ha, and with the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac combined with Biosil or Radostym – 2.34 t/ha and 2.35 t/ha, respectively. The Cordoba variety showed yields of 2.40 t/ha, 2.41 t/ha, and 2.45 t/ha for the same combinations. The Feyeria variety also achieved its highest yields under these treatments – ranging from 2.49 to 2.53 t/ha. The best protein content in the Aratta variety was observed with the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac in combination with Biosil and Radostym – 38.5% and 39.6%, respectively. For the Cordoba variety, the highest protein levels were obtained with YaraVita Mono Molytrac + Radostym – 43.5%, and with the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac and either Biosil or Radostym – 43.3% and 44.3%. For the Feyeria variety, the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac with Biosil or Radostym resulted in protein content of 41.2% and 41.7%. Conclusions. Regarding seed oil content, the Aratta variety showed the best results with the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac combined with Biosil or Radostym – 21.3% and 22.0%. For Cordoba, the best results were with YaraVita Mono Molytrac + Radostym – 21.3%, and with the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac with Biosil or Radostym – 21.5% and 22.1%, respectively. The highest oil content in the Feyeria variety was recorded with the double application of YaraVita Mono Molytrac combined with Biosil – 22.3%.

Dynamics of chlorophyll content in fodder beet leaves in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

2025-07-14T17:40:04+03:00

Goal – to investigate the influence of norms and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the formation of chlorophyll in fodder beet leaves in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted during 2020–2024 on the experimental field of the Educational and Production Center «Podillia» of the Higher Education Institution «Podillia State University» on typical low-humus, medium-loamy black soil. The repetition in the experiment is fourfold. The placement of variants is systematic. The technology of growing fodder beet in the experiment is generally accepted, except for the factors under study. Results. According to the results of the research, it was found that the content of chlorophyll a in all studied varieties of fodder beet is always higher, compared to the content of chlorophyll b, by approximately 2.5 times, regardless of the change in the factors under study. In the phase of leaf closure in the rows (10.07), the highest chlorophyll content was accumulated in the fodder beet varieties Starmon – 6.02–7.59 and Olzhych – 5.59–6.97 mg/g of fresh weight compared to the Sonet variety (4.07–6.21). The maximum increase in the content of chlorophyll a depending on mineral fertilizers was recorded under the condition of using fertilizers with the norm N150P75K225 in all studied varieties and amounted to 6.21; 6.97; 7.59 mg/g of fresh weight, respectively. The highest value of the content of chlorophyll b was noted in the variants where mineral fertilizers with the norm N150P75K225 and N225P75K150 were used. In terms of varieties, the highest concentration of chlorophylls of group b in fodder beet plants was in the Starmon variety and amounted to 3.07 and 3.01 mg/g of fresh weight, respectively. It was found that the highest chlorophyll content was observed during the period of active growth and development of fodder beet plants (10.08). Thus, the content of total chlorophyll (a+b) in the leaves of plants was 7.46–10.91 mg/g of fresh weight in the Sonet variety, 9.09–11.60 in the Olzhych variety and 10.10–12.10 mg/g of fresh weight in the Starmon variety. The greatest increase was in the variants with the application rate of N150P75K225 and N225P75K150 in all varieties. Thus, in the Sonet variety, the increase compared to the control was 39.9–46.2%, in the Olzhych variety 23.4–27.6% and in the Starmon variety 16.6–19.8%. Subsequently, at the following stages of ontogenesis for the period (10.09), with the aging of the leaf apparatus, the dying off of the most productive leaves, the reduction of the leaf surface area and the decrease in the mass of the leaves, a gradual decrease in the concentration of green pigments is noted. The best conditions for increasing the amount of chlorophylls were created by applying complete mineral fertilizer to the soil. Conclusions. The concentration of green pigments in fodder beet leaves varies significantly depending on the phases of ontogenesis and the application of complete mineral fertilizer. It was established that the use of mineral fertilizers is an effective agrotechnical measure for optimizing chlorophyll biosynthesis in fodder beet plants, which indirectly leads to an increase in crop yield. The maximum intensity of pigment biosynthesis in fodder beet plants was recorded in the first decade of August (intensive growth) when applying mineral fertilizers with the rate of N150P75K225 and N225P75K150 for all studied varieties. At the same time, the content of total chlorophyll (a+b) in the leaves of fodder beet plants was 10.44–10.91 mg/g of fresh weight in the Sonet variety, 11.22–11.60 in the Olzhych variety, and 11.78–12.10 mg/g of fresh weight in the Starmon variety.

The influence of amino acid growth regulators on the growth and development of winter wheat plants of different varieties

2025-07-14T17:40:00+03:00

Purpose. To establish the effect of amino acid growth regulators on the growth and development of winter wheat plants of different varieties. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The research was carried out at the experimental field of the Donetsk SARS of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2022–2024. The new winter soft wheat varieties Vezha (Lutescens) ta Yuzovska (Erythrospermum) were used for sowing. Studies have proven the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with amino acid growth regulators in the formation of biometric indicators by plants. Thus, plants of the Yuzovska variety formed the highest indicator of the productive tillering coefficient when using the Nova-Marin preparation, which exceeded the control by 0.4. The highest coefficient of total tillering of the Vezha variety was when using the Nova-PEG preparation – 7.0, which exceeded the control by 3.6. The greatest effect on the yield structure indicators of plants of the Yuzovska variety was provided by the combination of Nova-Marin and Nova-PEG preparations. Thus, the length of the spike increased compared to the control by 1.6 cm, the mass of grains in the spike by 0.32 g, the number of grains in the spike – by 8 pcs., the mass of 1000 grains – 7.9 g. Winter wheat plants of the Yuzovska variety, regardless of the drug, formed a yield of 4.4–4.5 t/ha, which was 36.4% higher than the control variant. The effect of growth regulators on plants of the Vezha variety was more varied. The yield varied from 4.9 t/ha (when using the drug Nova-Sid) to 6.2 t/ha (when using the drug Nova-PEG). Conclusions. The introduction of a line of amino acid biological preparations into the technological process of growing winter wheat allows stabilizing the physiological processes of winter wheat plants in the acutely arid conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, which in turn significantly affects the grain productivity of plants.

Formation of winter rapeseed seed productivity in climate change conditions

2025-07-14T17:39:57+03:00

The purpose is to analyze the research results bydomestic and foreign scientists devoted to the winter rapeseedcultivation for further improvement of elements of cropcultivation technology using biological products in irrigatedand non-irrigated conditions of Southern Ukraine. Results. The strategic development of oilseed cultivationtechnologies is oriented towards world trendsin approaches to agricultural technology and plant protectionsystems. This necessitates the development ofadapted varietal agricultural technologies, which in theend will ensure the formation of a modern technologicalstrategy for the development of the agricultural sector ofUkraine and guarantee its food security in the long term.In connection with climate change and the intensificationof crop cultivation technologies, as well as the creationof new biologically active preparations, it is necessaryto establish optimal, economically feasible timing oftheir application in irrigated and non-irrigated conditionsand study the influence of these factors on the formationof seed productivity of winter rapeseed. Analysis ofresearch and publications by prominent domestic scientistsallowed us to determine in more detail the economicvalue of winter rapeseed, to identify some elements oftechnology and the positive impact of organic production.In conditions of climate change, the use of optimal agrotechnicalparameters contributes to the formation of highyields of winter rapeseed and increases the profitability ofthe oilseed industry.Conclusions. Relevant issues regarding further optimizationof crop growing technology parameters were identified.One of the effective measures to improve cultivationtechnology and increase the profitability of winter rapeseedcultivation is the use of biologically active preparations forfoliar fertilization of crops. The use of biological preparationsis an integral aspect of modern crop production, whichcontributes to optimizing plant nutrition, stimulating theirdevelopment and increasing seed productivity.

Energy analysis of the technology of growing soybean varieties depending on the elements of agricultural technology under irrigation conditions

2025-07-14T17:39:54+03:00

The article presents the results of research on theenergy analysis of the technology of growing soybeanvarieties depending on the elements of agricultural technologyunder irrigation conditions. The purpose of theresearch is to conduct an energy analysis of the developedelements of agricultural technology for growing soybeanvarieties. Methods. The first experiment was conductedduring 2013–2015 at the experimental field of the Instituteof Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine (now theInstitute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture of the NAAS).Three-factor experiment (factor A – variety, B – sowingdate, C – plant protection system). The second experimentwas conducted during 2017–2019 at the experimentalfield of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of theNAAS of Ukraine (now the Institute of Climate-OrientedAgriculture of the NAAS. Three-factor experiment (factorA – variety, B – inoculant, C – plant protection system).Research results. Energy analysis of the indicators of thefield experiment with soybean varieties showed significantdifferences in the amount of energy input for all studiedfactors and their variants. Among the varietal composition,the Svyatogor variety had the advantage, which formedthe highest energy efficiency coefficient – 2.95 and had thelowest energy intensity of production – 5.77 GJ/ha. It wasalso proven that early sowing (first term – April 20) negativelyaffects energy efficiency indicators, which can beexplained by the thermophilicity of the studied crop. It wasestablished that plant protection had a positive effect onthe amount of energy efficiency. In an experiment to studythe productivity of soybean varieties depending on theinfluence of inoculants and plant protection, it was proventhat from an energy point of view, the best option was thevariant with the Deimos variety, which was sown with seedtreatment before sowing with the Optimize preparation andformed a chemical plant protection system. Energy intakein the first experiment was the highest on the Svyatogor variety when sown on May 20 and under chemical protection– 73.2 GJ/ha, which was 34.6% more than thecontrol variant on the Diona variety. Energy expenditurevaried slightly in the range from 23.0 to 24.0 GJ/ha, or byonly 4.3%. Conclusions. The energy gain and energy efficiencycoefficient were maximum on the Svyatogor varietyon May 20 and with bio- and chemical protection. TheDiona variety when sown on April 20 had the lowest energyefficiency coefficient – 2.36, as well as the highest energyintensity – 7.10 GJ/t. In the second field experiment, theexcess of energy intake indicators of more than 60 GJ/hawas observed on the Deimos variety when using the inoculantsNitrofix and Optimize against the background ofbiological and chemical plant protection. In the variantwith the Deimos variety, inoculation with Optimize and withchemical plant protection, the energy gain increased to43.1 GJ/ha, and on the Phaeton variety without inoculationand without plant protection – it significantly decreasedby 3.2 times. The Deimos variety, from sowing with seedtreatment with the biological preparation Optimize on thebackground of chemical protection, allowed obtaining themaximum energy efficiency coefficient – 2.91 and the lowestenergy intensity of seeds – 5.81 GJ/t.

Chemical characterization, neurodegenerative and antioxidant potentials of two different hawthorn (Crataegus species) fruits from Azerbaijan

2025-07-14T17:39:52+03:00

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is an edible wild fruit which is used in traditional medicine, food and beverage industries in many countries since ancient times. In this study, the fruits of two different Crataegus species (C. pentagyna and C. caucasica) from Azerbaijan were examined by means of chemical characterization, neurodegenerative and antioxidant potentials. The fruits were extracted using n-hexane, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate by Soxhlet extractor. The fatty acid components (oleic and linoleic acids) of n-hexane extract were evaluated by GC-FID. Linoleic acid (LA) was the most abundant fatty acid as 47.00% and 49.95% for C. pentagyna and C. caucasica species, respectively. The ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts of C. pentagyna and C. caucasica were investigated by means of total flavonoid, carbohydrate content and antioxidant activity by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, HPLC-RID and DPPH method, respectively. The total flavonoid and carbohydrate content in the two hawthorn fruit extracts were found as between 4.21-5.84 mg QUE/g and 15.4-17.8 g/100 g fruit, respectively. The results of the antioxidant content of hawthorn extracts were found in the range of 54-72% DPPH scavenging activities. It is seen that the antioxidant capacity of the C. pentagyna species are higher than the C. caucasica species. While the % DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.5 mg /mL) values were maximum 72.40% ± 2.74 in C. pentagyna species, it reached a maximum value of 61.78% ± 0.50 in C. caucasica species. It was observed that aqueous and ethanol extracts of Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna fruits showed the highest activity in reducing power and metal chelating activity experiments. The hawthorn extracts exhibited 54-72% DPPH scavenging activities. The capacity of hawthorn extracts to reduce H2O2 toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells at non-toxic concentrations was examined using the cell viability test. It can be concluded that the cytotoxicity of C. caucasica species is higher than that of C. pentagyna species, but their antioxidant properties are approximately similar. According to these results, the extracts of two different Crataegus species (C. pentagyna and C. caucasica) from Azerbaijan can be used as easily available source of natural antioxidants and as a possible food supplement.

The effectiveness of modern insecticides in the system of protection of sunflower crops from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hb) in the conditions of the Rooster of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:39:48+03:00

The purpose of the work is to investigate the effectiveness of modern insecticides against the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hb) on the sunflower hybrid P64LC108 in the conditions of the Odessa region. Methods. The methodological basis of this study is: empirical (field experiments and observations; measurement of indicators of the object of study; comparison of the impact of elements of agricultural technologies), theoretical (proposing a hypothesis and forming conclusions based on research results; statistical; mathematical. Results. The average number of cotton bollworms on sunflower crops for two years of the study before treatment with the preparations was on average 1.0–1.5 individuals/plant. Already 2 days after treatment of the crops, the number of pests significantly decreased and was on average 0.5 individuals/ plant in the variant with the rate of application of the studied insecticide 0.3 l/ha, 0.3 individuals/plant in the variant with the rate of application of 0.4 l/ha and 0.4 individuals/plant in the variant with the rate of application of 0.5 l/ha. The effect of the reference preparations on pests was similar, the number of pests was on average 0.4‒0.5 individuals/plant, while in the control variant – 0.9 individuals/plant. The total number of cotton bollworms in the experimental plots ranged on average from 20.0 to 29.3 individuals. 2 days after crop treatment, the number of pests significantly decreased in the 2nd variant of the experiment at a consumption rate of the studied preparation of 0.4 l/ha compared to the 1st variant with a consumption rate of 0.3 l/ha. The number of pests under the influence of the studied insecticide ranged on average from 5.8 to 9.5 individuals, and under the influence of reference preparations was on average 7.3–9.0 individuals. The biological efficiency of the studied insecticide Radiant, KS 2 days after crop treatment was 63.7% at a consumption rate of 0.3 l/ha, 67.0% and 66.8% at the rates of application of 0.4 l/ha and 0.5 l/ha, respectively. Conclusions. In 2022–2023, an increase in the dynamics of the number of cotton bollworms in sunflower crops was noted. The studied insecticide Radiant KS showed high biological effectiveness against the cotton bollworm, common in sunflower crops at a consumption rate of 0.3–0.5 l/ha during the growing season of the crop. The effectiveness of the studied insecticide Radiant KS at consumption rates of 0.3–0.5 l/ha at the end of the observation period exceeded the effectiveness of the reference preparations Koragen 20 KS, Ampligo 150 ZC, FC and Belt 480 KS, at a consumption rate of the insecticide Radiant, KS of 0.4–0.5 l/ha, the effectiveness against the cotton bollworm was 100%. The highest yield of the sunflower hybrid P64LC108 (Pioneer company) was obtained at the level of 3.81 t/ha in the variant with the application of the drug Radiant, KS at a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha.

Scientific substantiation of the realization of the potential of industrial crops in agrotechnologies of the Forest- Steppe of Ukraine (review)

2025-07-14T17:39:46+03:00

The article examines the prospects for growing industrial crops in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, in particular, oil and fiber flax, hemp, which have significant economic, agrotechnological and environmental potential. The current state of the industry is analyzed, in particular, the main development trends, production indicators and the role of industrial crops in the structure of the agricultural sector. The main agrotechnological features of growing flax and hemp in the forest-steppe are highlighted, taking into account the influence of soil and climatic conditions, optimal fertilization systems, crop rotation and methods of combating pests and diseases. The current challenges that may hinder the development of this direction in Ukraine are analyzed, including climate change, legislative restrictions, competition on the international market, insufficient processing infrastructure and limited access to state support. The experience of leading countries, in particular France, Canada, Germany and China, shows that effective development of the industry is possible if modern cultivation technologies are combined, active cooperation of producers, support from the state and development of processing capacities are combined. Taking into account these factors, strategic directions for the development of industrial crops in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are outlined, including the adaptation of international practices, expansion of the domestic market, attraction of investments, improvement of the legislative framework and introduction of innovative technologies. The proposed measures can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian producers in the world market, strengthening export potential and ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Thus, the cultivation of industrial crops in the Forest- Steppe zone of Ukraine is at the stage of gradual revival. However, the cultivation of hemp, oilseed and fiber flax requires further research, which will be aimed at solving urgent agricultural problems.

Main diseases of rapeseed in Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:42:31+03:00

Rapeseed is a natural hybrid of cabbage and field cabbage. There are winter and spring forms. The world’s winter rapeseed crops amount to over 40 million hectares. In Ukraine, winter rapeseed crops are concentrated mainly in the right-bank part of the Forest-Steppe and amount to about 1 million hectares with a seed yield of 2.2–2.8 t/ha. The world’s spring rapeseed sowing area reaches about 10 million hectares. Today, the spring rapeseed sowing area in Ukraine amounts to about 50 thousand hectares in Sumy, Kyiv, Chernihiv and Zhytomyr regions with a seed yield of 1.2–1.8 t/ha. Diseases of various etiologies stand in the way of obtaining high rapeseed yields every year, which reduce the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the harvest by 30–40% or more. The aim of the article was to conduct a critical analysis of scientific and popular science literature sources on rapeseed diseases in Ukraine. In order to establish the species composition of the main rapeseed diseases in Ukraine that are of economic importance, we analyzed 70 scientific and popular science literature sources on rapeseed diseases and measures to limit their harmfulness. From the conducted critical analysis of scientific and popular science literature, we see that in rapeseed agrocenoses in Ukraine, a number of diseases of fungal etiology can be observed every year: downy mildew, or peronosporosis, black spot, or alternariosis, phomosis, or stem cancer, or root collar necrosis, white rot, or white stem blight, or sclerotinia, gray rot, or botrydiosis, light spot, or cylindrosporiosis, white spot, or ring spot, or gray stem blight, and powdery mildew, or erysipelas. The rapid spread and development of diseases in rapeseed agrocenoses was facilitated by the sharp expansion of rapeseed sowing areas since the 2000s, short-rotation crop rotations and non-compliance with crop cultivation technologies. To limit the development and spread of fungal diseases in rapeseed agrocenoses, it is necessary to use seeds of disease-resistant zoned varieties and hybrids for sowing, observe crop rotation and cultivation technologies recommended for different zones, sow only treated seed material, and spray crops only with fungicides approved for use and only in case of urgent need.

The influence of fertilization background and row spacing on the main stem length and yield of table pumpkin varieties in the South of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:42:28+03:00

Purpose тhe aim of the study was to determine the mainstem length and yield of table pumpkin varieties dependingon fertilization background and row spacing. Methods.Field experiments were conducted during 2017–2019under the conditions of Dolynske LLC Trading House,Chaplynka District, Kherson Region. The experiment waslaid out in four replications. Standard methodologies wereused during the establishment and conduction of the experiment,as well as for phenological observations and biometricmeasurements. Agricultural practices were carriedout in accordance with recommendations for growing tablepumpkin in the conditions of Southern Ukraine, except forthe studied factors. Results. The results of the experiments,averaged over three years of research, showed thatthe growth of the main stem of table pumpkin is influencedby varietal characteristics, fertilizers, and row spacing. Inthe seedling stage, without the use of mineral fertilizers,the main stem length was 23–29 cm for the Janina variety,24–30 cm for Doly, and 23–29 cm for Rodzynka, dependingon row spacing. The application of N30P30 increased themain stem length by 8.7–17.2, 12.5–13.3, 8.7–10.3 cm,N60P60 by 21.7–24.1, 23.3–25.0, 17.2–26.1 cm, andN90P90 by 24.1–26.1, 25.0–26.6, 24.1–30.4%, respectively.During the fruiting stage, this indicator increased by54–82 cm compared to the seedling stage. The length ofthe main stem at the flowering stage, without fertilization,was 148–440 cm for Janina, 219–525 cm for Doly, and211–507 cm for Rodzynka, depending on row spacing. Theapplication of N30P30 increased the main stem length by18.9–33.8, 4.8–20.5, 13.4–40.3 cm, N60P60 by 29.5–66.2,11.0–35.2, 23.7–65.9 cm, and N90P90 by 27.0–71.6,9.3–46.5, 20.9–68.7%, respectively. All the studied tablepumpkin varieties formed the longest main stems at a rowspacing of 140 cm. In the period from 2017 to 2019, duringthe fruit formation stage, with the application of mineral fertilizersand an increase in row spacing from 70 to 140 cm,the main stem length increased by 284–333 cm for Janina,262–298 cm for Doly, and 266–289 cm for Rodzynka,reaching 732–782 cm, 762–796 cm, and 787–841 cm,respectively. When row spacing increased from 140 to210 cm, the main stem length during the fruit formationstage decreased by 22–75 cm, depending on the experimentalvariant, and was 625–694 cm without fertilizers,663–760 cm with N30P30, 707–806 cm with N60P60, and700–793 cm with N90P90. Comparing the stages of pumpkinplant development, it should be noted that the main stemlength during the fruiting stage ranged from 347 to 841 cm, depending on the experimental variants. During the ripeningstage, the main stem length increased by 103–115 cmcompared to the fruiting period. Among the table pumpkinvarieties, the longest main stem during ripening wasobserved in the Rodzynka variety, reaching 951 cm with140 cm row spacing and the application of N60P60, whichwas 5.0% longer than Doly and 6.6% longer than Janina.Our studies showed that, on average, over three years, theyield of pumpkin fruits for the Doly variety ranged from 16.1to 26.7 t/ha, depending on row spacing and plant nutrition.The Janina variety yielded 6.0–20.1% less compared toDoly, influenced by row spacing and nutrition. The averagedata from 2017 to 2019 indicate that the highest pumpkinfruit yields were obtained with 140 cm row spacing, producing15.5–25.2 t/ha for Janina, 17.3–26.7 t/ha for Doly,and 21.0–30.3 t/ha for Rodzynka, depending on the nutritionfactor. With 70 cm row spacing, fruit yields decreasedby 2.1–3.9 t/ha for Janina, 1.2–3.0 t/ha for Doly, and1.8–3.2 t/ha for Rodzynka. With 210 cm row spacing, theyields decreased by 0.8–1.2 t/ha for Janina, 0.7–1.6 t/hafor Doly, and 0.5–1.3 t/ha for Rodzynka. The applicationof N60P60 mineral fertilizers led to an increase in fruit yieldscompared to the unfertilized variant by 50.7–59.4%for Janina, 39.8–55.4% for Doly, and 35.9–42.4% forRodzynka, on average over three years. Reducing thefertilizer dose to N30P30 led to a decrease in fruit yieldsby 18.1–20.0% for Janina, 13.1–16.6% for Doly, and14.1–16.0% for Rodzynka. The highest fruit yields wereobserved in the Rodzynka variety, with 19.2–30.3 t/ha,depending on the nutrition and row spacing factors, whichwas 2.9–4.1 t/ha higher than Doly and 5.1–5.9 t/ha higherthan Janina. The application of N60P60 and N90P90 resultedin nearly identical yields: 20.2–23.7 and 21.3–25.2 t/hafor Janina, 22.5–25.3 and 23.7–26.7 t/ha for Doly, and26.1–29.2 and 27.1–30.3 t/ha for Rodzynka, respectively.Conclusions. When cultivating table pumpkin inthe southern regions of Ukraine, to achieve a fruit yieldof 25–30 t/ha, it is recommended to sow high-yieldingvarieties such as Doly and Rodzynka with a row spacingof 140 cm and apply N60P60. Under these conditions, themost favorable environment for the growth of the plant’smain stem is created.

Agrobiological features of the process of spring barley growing at differentiated sowing dates based on the analysis of grain weight parameters

2025-07-14T17:42:25+03:00

The purpose of the research is to establish the dependence of the realization degree of productive capacity of spring barley on the grain weight indicator due to the influence of external environmental conditions and seeding rates in the process of growing at differentiated sowing dates. Methods. The research was carried out during 2018–2020 at the Higher educational institution «Podillia State University» in the conditions of the Western Forest- Steppe of Ukraine. During the research, the following scientific methods were used: laboratory, analytical, concretization, generalization, mathematical. Results. It is proven that with the shift of spring barley sowing dates by 10 days starting from the first one held on March 10, there is a gradual significant increase in ear productivity by grain weight. It is established that regardless of the sowing date, an increase in seeding rates causes a decrease in ear productivity. Conclusions. Under vegetation conditions, according to different sowing dates, starting from the first one on March 10, every 10 days for spring barley crops, both on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45 and on the background N60P90K90, yield formation processes were established, under which a significant increase in the parameters of the weight of the ear grain occurs. In accordance with the first, second, third, fourth and fifth sowing dates, the average experimentally obtained grain weight indicators on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45 were 47.6 < 48.0 < 48.4 < 49.2 < 49.9 mg and on the background of mineral nutrition N60P90K90 were 46.9 < 47.3 < 47.9 < 48.5 < 49.5 mg. An increase in seeding rates in an organized study led to a significant decrease in the mass of barley grain. According to the seeding rates of 200; 250; 300 pcs./m2 on average, the experimentally established indicators on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45 – 49.0 > 48.6 > 48.2 mg and on the background of mineral nutrition N60P90K90 – 48.5 > 48.0 > 47.5 mg.

Fungicidal control of white cabbage against Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:42:22+03:00

Purpose. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of modern fungicides on limiting the development of the most common diseases, namely Alternaria of white cabbage in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Field (setting up experiments, damage records, harvesting), phytopathological (identification of pathogens), information-analytical (collection and analysis of literary sources), mathematical-statistical (processing of research results). The research was conducted in the Cherkasy region at the Rusalivka State Agricultural Production Association. Fungicides with different active ingredients were studied: adepidine, fluopyram+tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin+ tebuconazole, iprodione, difenoconazole+ fluxapyroxad, boxalid+pyraclostrobin. Research Results. Alternaria, the causative agent of Alternaria brassicae, had the greatest spread and development during the years of research, in connection with the formed weather conditions. To protect against diseases, fungicides were used: Miravis 200 SC, KS; Luna Experience 400 SC, KC; Nativo 75 WG, VG; Rovral Aquaflo, KS; Serkadis Plus, KS; Signum VG. As a result of research, we established that the effectiveness of modern fungicides was on average 51.4-82.2%. The highest effectiveness against cabbage alternariosis was noted for the use of Miravis 200 SS, k.s. – 0.35 l/ha; Luna Experience – 0.75 l/ha; Nativo 75 WG – 0.35 l/ha. The saved harvest with the use of drugs was 5.7-13.7%. Conclusions. It was established that the most effective modern fungicides against cabbage Alternaria (Alternaria brassicae) in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are: Miravis 200 SC, hp – 0.35 l/ha; Luna Experience – 0.75 l/ha; Nativo 75 WG – 0.35 l/ha. With double spraying with drugs, the effectiveness of the action was on average from 75.0 to 82.2%. The use of drugs allowed to obtain 4.0-4.5 t/ha of additional stored yield of white cabbage heads.

Pea phytophages in the conditions of Odessa region

2025-07-14T17:42:19+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to establish the entomological complex of the pea field agrocoenosis in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine, to clarify the species composition and taxonomic structure of harmful insects of the pea field agrobiocenosis. To identify the most dangerous species, to obtain information about their biological features. Methods. The methodological basis of this study is: empirical (field experiments and observations; measurement of indicators of the object of study; comparison of the impact of elements of agricultural technologies), theoretical (proposing a hypothesis and forming conclusions based on research results; statistical; mathematical. Results. Significant crop losses are observed for plant damage by tuber weevils in II points and above, respectively from 35.4 to 78.3%. As a result of the research, it was found that two species of tuber weevils dominated in pea crops: striped (Sitona lineatus L.) and bristle (Sitona crinitus Hrbst.), which accounted for 56.05% of the total collection of insects from this family. Determination of the impact of plant damage by tuber weevil beetles on the elements of the crop structure showed that for damage to 75% of plant leaves (IV point), the stem length decreased compared to slightly damaged plants by 30%, the weight of the vegetative mass by 50%, the number of beans by 65.3%, the grain content of plants by 67.2%, and the grain yield by 78.3%. For damage in IV points in plants with a destroyed growth point, the main stem stopped growing, and lateral shoots began to develop from the points in the sheaths of the first and second lower leaves. Such injury negatively affected the structural elements. For damage in IV points, the number of seeds per plant was 6.1 on average, and for damage in I point, with the destruction of 5% of the leaf surface by sitons, there were 21.1 seeds. For damage by bulb weevils, the stem height decreases, in particular, for damage in I point it was 56.6 cm, for damage in II points – 44.2 cm, for III points – 42.1 cm, and for IV points – 40.1 cm. For damage to plants in IV points, the mass of seeds from one plant decreases and is only 0.7 g, while for damage in I point it is 5.8 times more – 4.1 g. No reduction in pea yield was observed due to damage by bulb weevils in grade I. Conclusions. It was established that in 2023–2024, in the conditions of VIP-AGRO LLC, Odessa region, Odessa district, the entomofauna of peas was represented by 37 species of phytophagous insects belonging to 6 orders. Pea plants were largely inhabited by bulb weevils, five-spotted weevils, pea aphids, thrips, acacia firefly, pea grain borer, which made up the main core of pests. The critical phases of pea plant development in relation to phytophagous insects are emergence and budding, it is during this period that monitoring should be intensified to prevent mass infestation of fields by insects. Significant crop losses are observed for plant damage by bulb weevils in II points and above, respectively from 35.4 to 78.3%.

The effectiveness of microfertilizer application in foliar feeding of soybeans

2025-07-14T17:42:17+03:00

Purpose. Study of the effectiveness of using highlyconcentrated microfertilizers in foliar feeding of soybeans,their impact on the formation of indicators of individualplant productivity and seed yield in the conditions of theWestern Forest-Steppe. Methods. The following methodswere used in conducting the research: field, measurement,calculation and comparison, analysis, and statistical.Results. The conducted studies have established the positiveeffect of foliar top dressing with highly concentratedliquid fertilizers in the phase of 4–5 trifoliate leaves andthe beginning of flowering on the formation of indicatorsof individual productivity of soybean plants and yield. Itwas found that two-time foliar feeding of soybean crops(in the phase of 4–5 leaves and the beginning of flowering)contributed to an increase in the number of productivebeans per plant of the Siverka variety by 7.0–18.9%,the number of seeds per plant by 7.7–21.7%, the weightof seeds per plant by 11.3–28.2%, and the weight of1000 seeds by 2.8–11.7% compared to the control. In thePallada variety, the number of beans and seeds per plantincreased by 4.7–28.8% and 3.7–28.4%, and the weight ofseeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds increasedby 7.1–37.1% and 3.1–12.8%, respectively. On average,over the years of research, two-time foliar feeding of soybeancrops with highly concentrated liquid fertilizers in the4–5 leaf phase and the beginning of flowering ensuredan increase in the productivity of the Siverka variety from2.75 t/ha in the control to 2.82–3.01 t/ha in the studied variantsor by 2.5–9.5%, in the Pallada variety – from 2.67 t/hato 2.73–2.92 t/ha or by 2.2–9.4%. Conclusions. The best indicators of individual productivity and seed yield of thesoybean varieties studied were obtained when using thehighly concentrated liquid fertilizer Khimik Bor for foliarfeeding. In particular, the number of productive beans perplant increased by 18.9% in the Siverka variety, by 28.8%in the Pallada variety, and the number of seeds by 21.7 and28.4%, respectively, compared to the control. The weightof seeds from one plant increased in the Siverka variety by28.2%, in the Pallada variety by 37.1%, and the weight of1000 seeds by 11.7 and 12.8%, respectively, compared tothe control. The yield of seeds increased by 9.5 and 9.4%,respectively.

Automation of grain cleaning, packaging, and storage processes

2025-07-14T17:42:15+03:00

The modern development of the agro-industrial complex is impossible without the automation of grain cleaning, packaging, and storage processes. The implementation of innovative technologies, including sensor systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence, enhances the efficiency of grain storage management, reduces product losses, and ensures stable quality. Despite numerous studies, the issue of comprehensive integration of automated solutions into all stages of grain processing and storage remains relevant. The aim of this study is to analyze modern automation technologies for grain storage processes, assess their economic and environmental benefits, and identify development prospects in this field. The research is based on a review of scientific publications and an analysis of technological solutions implemented by leading agricultural enterprises. To achieve the set objectives, methods of system analysis, comparative literature review, and generalization of obtained results were applied. The study results indicate that automation can reduce grain losses by 15–20% and decrease energy consumption by 10–12%. Optimizing climate parameters in grain storage facilities minimizes the risk of grain spoilage and improves its quality indicators. The introduction of automated monitoring systems ensures continuous control of humidity, temperature, and gas composition of the grain mass, reducing the need for chemical preservatives and increasing environmental safety. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of the obtained results to develop recommendations for implementing automated technologies in grain storage. Future research should focus on developing adaptive microclimate management systems, integrating alternative energy sources, and optimizing logistics processes in grain storage complexes.

Soil bulk density depending on preceding crops and its tillage during the cultivation of spring barley in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:42:13+03:00

The article presents the results of scientific researchon the influence of four preceding crops – corn forgrain, soybeans, winter rapeseed, sunflower and threeoptions for soil tillage – plowing at 22–25 cm, disking at14–16 cm, disking at 6–8 cm on the bulk density of soiland the yield of spring barley in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.Improvement of soil agro-physical properties, particularlybulk density, is important for increasing soil fertility,optimizing soil structure, and ensuring sustainable agriculturaldevelopment. Therefore, this issue is becomingincreasingly relevant each year.The studies were conducted from 2021 to 2024. Thestudied factors – preceding crops, the method of maintillage and its depth, had a significant impact on the bulkmass of the soil. A gradual increase in soil density from thepre-sowing period to crop harvesting was established in allstudied variants.It was found that the bulk density of the soil decreasedafter preceding crops such as winter rapeseed and sunflower,compared to the control (corn for grain). Specifically,before sowing spring barley, soil density in the upper0–10 cm layer was 0.08 and 0.05 g/cm³ lower, respectively,than in the control (corn for grain). A similar trend wasobserved in the 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm soil layers.It was established that changing the method of primarycultivation had a significant effect on soil bulk density.Disking’s led to an increase in soil bulk densitycompared to plowing. During sowing, no noticeable differencesin bulk density were observed between plowingand disking’s in the upper soil layer (0–10 cm). However,starting from the 10–20 cm depth, an increase in density was disking’s to the upper layer. In the variants with diskingat 14–16 and 6–8 cm, the average bulk density was,respectively, 1.21–1.22 g/cm3 in 10–20 cm of thickness and1.25–1.26 g/cm3 – 20–30 cm, which exceeded the control(plowing) by 0.03 g/cm3. There was also a tendency for thebulk density indicator to increase with increasing depth ofsoil sampling, which was due to the influence of a complexof natural and anthropogenic factors.The highest spring barley yield of 7.1 t/ha in the experimentwas achieved when the crop was grown after soybeanswith plowing at 23–25 cm. However, replacing plowingwith disking’s at 14–16 cm after soybeans and winterrapeseed resulted in only slightly lower yields of 7.0 and6.6 t/ha, respectively.

Improving the quality of organic fertilizers through the use of probiotics and bischofite

2025-07-14T17:42:10+03:00

Today, the current issue is the implementation of a scientifically based system for ensuring the sustainable functioning of agroecosystems. In this context, it is important to expand the range of use of environmentally safe innovative methods of manure disinfection at the expense of local resources. This allows, in limited volumes of chemical and technogenic resources in the agricultural sector, to replace them with alternative low-cost measures based on natural self-renewal processes. The aim of the study was to study the complex effect of bischofite of different concentrations and probiotic preparations on the germination of weed seeds and the efficiency of using manure treated with bischofite and probiotics in growing corn. The objects of the research were Poltava bischofite and probiotic preparations. To determine the optimal dose of bischofite, experiments were previously set for 4 months with different concentrations of 50 l/t; 100 l/t; 150 l/t; 200 l/t. To determine the optimal dose of probiotic, preliminary bacteriological studies were conducted using probiotic at a dose of 100 l/ton. It was found that after 4 months of composting, the level of pathogenic microorganisms in native and 10% probiotic solutions significantly decreased, while Salmonella and E. coli were not detected. To determine the effect of different doses of bischofite on the viability of weed seeds, on the day of the experiment, seeds of different plants with different initial germination were placed in bags in the compost: schirytsia (53%), triribera (60%), field thistle (13%), creeping wheatgrass (47%), white quinoa (56%), wild radish (74%). After 4 months of storage in the variant where bischofite (150 l/t) and probiotic (100 l/t, 10% dilution) were used, seeds of field sow thistle, white quinoa and wild radish completely lost germination, seeds of other weeds significantly reduced it (up to 60% compared to the control). It is substantiated that the use of the proposed technology for manure treatment (4 months, bischofite dose 150 l/t and probiotic dose 100 l/t, dilution 1:10) allows to increase corn yield by 58.1%, which is 35.6% higher compared to the standard technology for obtaining manure.

Mustard pests in Ukraine and the world: an extended overview

2025-07-14T17:42:07+03:00

Mustard is of great economic importance as an oilseed crop. Four types of mustard are grown in the world: white, or English, gray, or Sarepta, black, or French, and Abyssinian, or Krambé. The world area occupied by mustard is about 3.0 million hectares. The vital activity of the harmful mustard entomological complex reduces the potential yield by 30–40% or more. The purpose of the article is to conduct a critical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature sources on the harmful entomofauna of mustard agrocenoses. In order to establish the dominant species of mustard pests that may have economic significance, the authors analyzed more than 50 domestic and foreign literary sources on the structure of the entomocomplex of oilseed cabbage agrocenoses. From the conducted critical analysis of scientific literature, we can see that in all countries where mustard is grown, a fairly diverse species composition of harmful insects can be observed. More than 50 species of pests have been described in Ukraine. The dominant ones are cruciferous fleas, rapeseed mealybugs, cruciferous bugs, cabbage stem cryptic beetles, rapeseed sawfly and cabbage aphids. In Europe, the species composition of mustard pests is quite diverse. In Europe, the species composition of mustard pests is quite diverse, numbering about 100 species. The most harmful species include cruciferous fleas, cryptic beetles, rapeseed mealybugs. In Central Asia, mustard is damaged by more than 80 species of pests. The most dangerous are cruciferous fleas, rapeseed sawfly, cabbage moth, mustard whitefly, mustard leafhopper, alfalfa and beet bugs. The entomological complex of oilseed rape crops in China includes 39 species of phytophagous insects, and in Mongolia – 25 species. In North America, the most economically important species are the mustard whitefly and the cabbage moth.

Introduction and use of Monarda Fistulosa L. in the world and in Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:44:11+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the work was to reviewand summarize the scientific achievements of domesticand foreign researchers regarding the morphobiologicalcharacteristics, economic importance, and cultivationtechnology of Monarda fistulosa L. Results. Analysis ofthe literature showed that Monarda fistulosa is consideredpromising for study and practical use by scientists frommany countries. In terms of its bactericidal properties,it ranks first among essential oil plants. The essentialoil of the plant has antagonistic activity against various pathogenic organisms. It has found wide application invarious sectors of the national economy: in medicine, foodindustry, agriculture. The content of essential oil in the plantranges from 0.5 to 2.8% when calculated on absolutelydry raw materials. More than 40 components have beenidentified in the essential oil of Monarda fistulosa. Themain components are thymol and carvacrol. The yield ofessential oil and the ratio of components from differentorgans of M. fistulosa plants can vary depending on bothgeographical origin and genotype. In addition to essentialoil, the above-ground part of Monarda contains vitamins C,B1, B2, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other biologicallyactive substances. In the herb M. fistulosa 18 free sugarswere found. The flowers of the plant are a source ofphosphorus (912 μg/100 g) and calcium (1760 μg/100 g).Monarda is propagated by sowing seeds directly in thefield or by planting seedlings obtained in a greenhouse, aswell as vegetatively – by dividing the plants into parts. Theapplication of nitrogen fertilizers when growing monardaincreases the yield of essential oil, but does not affect thecomponent composition. M. fistulosa and its hybrids, dueto their inflorescences of various colors, are also used inornamental gardening. Findings. Monarda fistulosa hassignificant biological and economic potential. It containsessential oil, which has found a wide range of uses invarious sectors of the national economy and is a promisingplant for cultivation for the production of raw materials forthe essential oil industry.

Formation of quality of winter rape seeds depending on the complex variants of its fertilization

2025-07-14T17:44:08+03:00

The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of the formation of fatty acid composition of winter rape seeds depending on the combinatorics of fertilizer system variants. Methods. The study was conducted during 2021–2024 on the basis of VIN-AGRO GROUP LLC on gray forest soils with medium fertility potential. The experiment was replicated four times. The placement of the variants was systematic in two tiers. The experiment involved the study of the following factors: A – annual conditions of the growing season, B – variant of the main fertilizer, C – application of growth regulators, D – foliar fertilization system. Results. The possibility of adjusting and changing both the oil content in winter rape seeds and its fatty acid composition through the combined use of optimized variants of the main fertilizer and the foliar fertilization system was proved The optimal fertilization options that allow obtaining an oil content of high-intensity winter rape hybrids at the level of 48.0% with the amount of technologically valuable fatty acids at the level of 85-87% in the total structure of its fatty acid composition were established. Conclusions. The agro-technologically expedient variant of fertilization of winter rape was determined, which provides: BBCH 00: Diammophoska N-9% P-25% K-25% (100 kg/ha) + Rosafert 5-10-25+10S (120 kg/ha); BBCH 14-18: Regulator Bukat ((thiconazole 500 g/l) (0.5 l/ha)); BBCH 19-20 (on permafrost soil): Rosafert NPK 16-14-07 (100 kg/ha) + UAN-32 (200 l/ha) + Ammonium Thiosulfate (ATS) (30 l/ha)); BBCH 35-39: Karamba Turbo 0.65 l/ha + Bukat 0.35 l/ha; BBCH 31-34: Rosalik (B, Mo, S) (1 l/ha) + adjuvant Spray-Aid (0.08 l/ha); BBCH 51-53: Rosasol 18-18-18 + ME (3 kg/ha) + adjuvant Spray-Aid (0.08 l/ha). The use of this system of combined fertilizer allows to maximize the oil content potential of rapeseed hybrids at the level of 46–48% with an optimized ratio of the main component fatty acids.

The role of oil radish root biomass in the formation of its potential green manure productivity

2025-07-14T17:44:05+03:00

The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of formation of bioproductivity of oil radish root system from the position of total weight and spatial weight parameters within the soil profile as additional parameters for establishing its green manure potential in spring and summer sowing. Methods. The study was conducted during 2014–2024 on the experimental field of Vinnytsia NAU on gray forest soils with medium fertility potential. The experiment was replicated four times. The placement of the variants is systematic in two tiers. The experiment involved the study of two green manure options – summer green manure with spring sowing and autumn green manure with summer sowing – of such parameters as: bioproductivity of the root system in total wet and dry matter, root length density (RLD), root mass density (RMD), specific root length (SRL, m/g) and percentage of root mass distribution in the soil profile (PRWD). Results. The levels of bioproductivity of root biomass formation at two basic terms of sowing oil radish as a green manure were determined. The structure of weight distribution of the root system in the context of a meter soil profile with a technological step of 10 cm was analyzed with full detailing of the nature of the spatial morphometry of the root system in the vertical and radial directions of the profile. The long-term dynamics of the formation of such morphometric and morpho-weight characteristics of the root system as: root length density, root mass density, specific root length, percentage of root mass distribution in the soil profile was determined by the depth of the profile. The participation of the root system in the formation of its sideration potential of oil radish in the share of the formed root mass as an additional component of bioorganic fertilization systems was proved. Conclusions. It has been proved that the root system of oil radish, both in terms of bioproductivity and adaptability in terms of the formation of its spatial morphometry and the proportion of presence in different horizons of the total meter soil profile in comparison with other traditional cruciferous green manure crops, forms a positive morphotype that guarantees the active interaction of the rhizosphere of the four-level organization structure with the soil profile 60–80 cm deep during spring and 40–60 cm during summer sowing of green manure. On the basis of this, oil radish should be attributed to the group of potentially effective green manure crops suitable for bioorganic green manure systems with an active influence on the systemic agrophysical parameters of the soil profile.

The role of variety in zonal technology of common bean (Рhaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivation

2025-07-14T17:44:02+03:00

The article defines the principles of selection of common bean varieties for a particular region of cultivation, which further improves the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the crop. In addition, the factors that influence the choice of common bean varieties are evaluated. It is indicated what aspects should be taken into account when choosing a bean variety in different regions of its cultivation. The article evaluates and compares the cultivation of different varieties of beans of foreign and domestic selection and their cultivation in the world and Ukraine. Today, beans are considered to be one of the most valuable food crops among all representatives of legumes in the world. Its importance and place in the national economy is determined by its high taste and nutritional quality. Bean products help to meet the human need for vegetable proteins and diversify the human diet, which is why beans are in great demand among the world’s population. Beans are especially important for countries whose population suffers from protein deficiency. In Ukraine, beans have a wide range of uses. A complete and healthy human diet includes not only beans, but also green pods, which are also a very valuable food product and contain almost all the substances necessary for a healthy and nutritious diet. The nutritional value of bean seeds is determined by their protein content, which ranges from 20 to 26%, and they also contain 41–56% carbohydrates, starch, 0.4–3.5% fat, 2.2–6.6% potassium, phosphorus, calcium and iron salts, and fibre. Bean protein has an amino acid composition close to that of milk or meat and is 75–85% digestible by the human body. Bean seeds contain almost the entire composition of essential amino acids. The ability to enrich the soil with biological nitrogen (up to 120 kg/ha) and the positive phytosanitary impact of beans on the soil make them an excellent precursor for many crops in crop rotation. Beans have long been a traditional crop in Ukraine, but they are not widely grown. Insufficient number of high-yielding varieties suitable for mechanised harvesting, imperfect cultivation technology, and insufficient use of biological nitrogen fixation capabilities hinder the cultivation of beans in production conditions. The fact that a significant share of domestic and foreign variety originators offer us their own varietal spectrum is also worthy of special attention. It is worth remembering that one of the obstacles to obtaining the highest possible bean productivity is the wrong choice of variety. Our analysis of the literature shows that variety selection is perhaps the most important factor affecting yield formation. At present, there is a wide range of varietal material that is maximally adapted to the conditions of any region, so taking into account all the important components that affect the realisation of the productive potential of this crop, you can choose a variety.

Removal and balance of nutrients in winter wheat cultivation on sodpodzolic soil

2025-07-14T17:43:57+03:00

Рurpose. To study the dynamics of nutrient removalby winter wheat and to estimate the balance indices ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depending on theconditions of winter wheat cultivation on sod-podzolic soil.Мethods. Field experiment to study the impact of the factorsunder study; agrochemical analysis to quantify thecontent of nutrients in soil and plants; statistical methodsto substantiate the significance of the results. Results. Onaverage, in 2021–2023, the yield of winter wheat increasedby 1.8–2.4 times compared to the control (without fertilisers)and by 1.4–1.9 times compared to the background variant,depending on the application of different doses and typesof ameliorants. It was the highest (4.97 t/ha) when applyinga fertiliser dose calculated by the normative method for theremoval of NPK with the main and corresponding amountof by-products (N150P50K125) with two foliar fertilisation withmicrofertiliser on a background of 1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2. Inthe economic removal of elements by the harvest of winterwheat plants, the largest amount was recorded for nitrogen– 60.5–162.4 kg/ha, then potassium – 31.7–96.0 kg/ha,and the least amount of phosphorus – 19.4–57.7 kg/ha.The balance of nutrients at the recommended (N120P60K90)and calculated for removal by the main and by-products(N150P50K125) doses of fertiliser against the background of1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2 + microelements showed a negativebalance for nitrogen (-16.6 and -8.5 kg/ha) and a positivebalance for phosphorus (22.7 and 11.2 kg/ha) and potassium(61.8 and 92.3 kg/ha). The introduction of an increaseddose of dolomite flour (1.5 Ng CaMg(CO3)2) or a singledose of CaCO3 did not change the trend of distribution ofbalance indicators shown for the previous variants. In the variant of the calculated dose of fertiliser for the main product(N130P25K35) on the background of 1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2with microelements, the value of the negative nitrogen balancedecreased to -6.5 kg/ha, however, the phosphorusbalance was shown as negative (-7.7 kg/ha) with a positivepotassium balance (8.5 kg/ha). Conclusions. The mosteffective way to manage the productivity of winter wheat onsod-podzolic soil is a combination of chemical ameliorationand fertilisation. Depending on the application of differentdoses and types of ameliorants, the yield of winter wheatgrain increased more than twice compared to the control.The maximum values of nitrogen and potassium removalwith the main and by-products were observed whenN150P50K125 + microfertiliser was applied against the backgroundof 1.0 Hh dose of CaMg(CO3)2, while phosphorusin the variant N120P60K90 (rec.) + microfertiliser against thebackground of 1.5 Hh dose of CaMg(CO3)2. The most optimaloption in terms of balance indicators for growing winterwheat while leaving by-products in the field is the useof a calculated dose of fertiliser that compensates for theremoval of NPK by the main product (N130P25K35), combinedwith foliar application of trace elements on the backgroundof 1.0 Hh СаMg(СО3)2. This fertilisation system ensures ahigh level of potassium balance intensity (130.6%), preventsnitrogen deficiency (95.7%) and avoids soil oversaturationwith phosphorus (77.7%) due to the high contentof mobile compounds, which is important for maintainingoptimal soil fertility.

Improvement of the method for determining mitotic activity in amaranth roots

2025-07-14T17:43:54+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to improve theexisting methodology for preparing samples to determinemitotic activity in meristematic cells of amaranth.Methods. The initial material for the study includedthree varieties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Sem,Kharkivskyi 1, Studentskyi). Seeds were treated with aphysical mutagen (gamma radiation). The radiation source was ⁶⁰Co. Radiation doses: 15 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, 150 Gy,400 Gy, and 700 Gy. The treatment was carried out at theNational Scientific Center “Institute of Metrology” (Kharkiv,Ukraine). Equipment used: DETU 12-05-02. Untreatedamaranth seeds were used as the control. For cytogeneticlaboratory research, 100 seeds of each variety were usedfor every radiation variant. Temporary squash preparationswere used to determine the mitotic activity of meristematictissues in amaranth seedlings, following a generallyaccepted methodology. In each variant, 5000 cells from 10roots were analyzed. The number of cells in different mitoticphases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) wascounted.Results. Studies on A. hypochondriacus showedthat a temperature of 20–25 °C slowed the formation ofmeristematic cells, whereas 35 °C stimulated mitotic activity.It was also found that staining amaranth roots withacetocarmine solution using heating caused cytoplasmicturbidity, which complicated cytological examination. In contrast,soaking the roots in acetoorcein solution for 1–2 daysproved more effective, as it allowed gradual dye penetrationinto the tissues and provided material suitable for analysis.Conclusions. The use of acetoorcein as a stain foramaranth and seed germination in a thermostat at 35 °Callows for better visualization of mitotic phases, leadingto a more accurate assessment of the effects of differentgamma radiation doses on mitotic activity in the root meristemcells of various amaranth varieties.

Status and prospects of soybean production in Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:43:51+03:00

The study is devoted to a topical problem, namely, the study of the state of soybean production in Ukraine with the recommendations given on the prospects for increasing sowing and gross harvests of seed products on the world market. The purpose of the research was to study the current state of domestic soybean production based on statistical data with a generalization of the recommendations of leading scientists. The implementation of the goal will contribute to solving a number of tasks related to providing vegetable protein, forming national protein and grain resources, increasing soil fertility and strengthening the economic potential of Ukraine. It has been established that in the conditions of Ukraine, interest in soybean is growing in all soil and climatic zones: the soybean field is expanding, it is fully included in the crop rotations of the main agricultural regions – Poltava, Khmelnytskyi, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia and Kyiv regions. In Ukraine, in 2024, the largest sown areas under soybeans were in Poltava (215 thousand ha), Khmelnytskyi (212 thousand ha), Zhytomyr (150 thousand ha), Vinnytsia (143 thousand ha) and Kyiv (140 thousand ha) regions, which together accounted for almost 50% of the sown areas under this crop in Ukraine. It was found that in terms of production volumes, soybeans occupy first place in European countries, eighth in the world, and have the best prospects for increasing production and forming a significant export and resource potential. An analysis of statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine provided an opportunity to study the dynamics of soybean sown areas, its yield and gross seed harvest in Ukraine. Thus, in the structure of domestic production during 2015–2024, soybean sown areas increased significantly, and the yield level increased to 2.60 t/ha. Soybean acreage in Ukraine exceeds 1.8 million hectares. A positive trend has been identified, which is evidence not only of the high interest of farmers in growing this crop, but also of the strategic importance of soybeans in shaping modern agrarian policy and developing the country’s export potential.

Formation of soybean yield depending on varietal composition and growing conditions

2025-07-14T17:43:48+03:00

Modern varieties of cultivated soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) should have high yield potential, appropriate level of valuable economic traits and good adaptability to different growing conditions. Their evaluation and competitiveness allow to control valuable economic traits, especially their features in the context of climate change. The purpose of our research was to study the peculiarities of soybean seed productivity formation depending on the varietal composition and growing conditions. Methods: field, laboratory, and mathematical statistics. The research was conducted (2022–2024) in a selection crop rotation (FG “Gryga”, Vasylivka village, Poltava district, Poltava region). Soil – podzolized chernozem. Predecessor – winter wheat. The object of study – Ukrainian soybean varieties of early maturity group of Poltava selection (Anthracite, Adamos, Alexandrit, Avanturin, Aquamarine). The weather conditions were characterized by the following indicators: optimally wet year 2022 (GTC – at the level of 1.0), very favorable year 2023 (GTC – 1.2), very dry year 2024 (GTC – only 0.8). The varietal composition of soybeans was evaluated in terms of their productivity. On average over the years, the variability of the yield indicator varied between 2.54–3.06 t/ha. The highest yield of soybean varieties was formed in 2022–2023. The lowest was in the very dry year of 2024. In 2022, the most productive varieties were Adamos (2.93 t/ha) and Mentor (2.73 t/ha). In the 2023 growing season, the variation of soybean grain yields ranged from 2.70 to 3.43 t/ha, with the highest yields also in Adamos and Mentor varieties (at 3.43 t/ha). Under the conditions of drought in 2024, the variability of soybean seed yields ranged from 2.05 to 2.83 t/ha. The highest yield of soybean varieties was provided in 2023 with an average value of 2.99 t/ha. The lowest grain yield was recorded in 2024, with an average of 2.50 t/ha. It was found that among the varieties, the most productive was the soybean variety of Ukrainian selection – Adamos (on average over the years at the level of 3.06 t/ha t/ha), and the variety of foreign origin – Mentor (2.97 t/ha). Prospects for further research will be to determine the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the yield and quality of soybean grain of the selected varieties.

Formation of grain quality indicators in spelt-like Chernobyl radiomutants of winter wheat

2025-07-14T17:43:45+03:00

The purpose. Determination of the falling number, protein and starch content in spelt-like Chernobyl radiomutants of winter wheat. Materials and methods. Winter wheat, represented by 10 spelt-like radiomutants (RM-1–10), obtained as a result of chronic irradiation of crops in 1986 and self-sowing in 1987 in the 20-kilometer exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP, was studied under the conditions of a 10-field scientific crop rotation of the Bila Tserkva Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS. The experimental plots of each of the ten radiomutants of winter wheat had a registration area of 10 m² and were placed in three replications. Peas were previously grown in the field. Seed sowing was carried out with a SN-10C seeder at the optimal time for the crop. The Lisova Pisnіa variety was used as a standard. The number of falling and the content of protein in the grain are class-forming indicators for wheat according to DSTU 3768:2019. The falling number, also called the Hagberg number or the Hagberg-Perten number, is also enshrined in international standards: ICC 107/1, ISO 3093-2009, AACC 56-81B, was determined using the FN 1000 device, and the protein and starch content was determined using infrared spectroscopy (FOOS Infratec 1241 Grain Analyzer). Results. Significant variability in the number of falls in 2016–2018 was determined in RM-7, RM-5, RM-6, RM-10, RM-9 – V = 55.2–23.6%, with insignificant variability in the standard Lisova Pisnіa (V = 3.3%) and RM-8 (V = 5.9%) and average variability in other RM-samples – 13.3–17.3%. In 2016–2019, the average variability in protein content was established in RM-1, RM‑3, RM-2, RM-4, RM-6 – V = 15.4–10.2%, and insignificant variability in other radiomutants (V = 6.6–9.4%) and the standard (V = 8.7%). Insignificant coefficients of variation (V = 1.9–6.8%) were studied for the content of starch in the grain. Conclusions. The selected spelt-like samples RM-7, RM-5, RM-10, which, on average for 2016–2018, determined the falling number of 239 sec., 266 sec. and 287 sec., respectively. A significant excess over the standard Lisova pisnіa (15.6%), on average for 2016–2019, the protein content was established – RM-9 (16.3%), RM-2, RM-4 (16.1%) and RM-1 – 16.0%, and the starch content – RM-6 (67.3%). The selected spelt-like RM-samples of winter wheat were involved in the breeding programs of the Bila Tserkva Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS.

Sowing qualities of seeds under the influence of predecessors and sowing dates in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:43:41+03:00

Objective. Given the current scientific and practical approaches in the context of climate change and war, as well as the yield potential of the latest wheat varieties, an important problem is the search for adaptive methods of implementation that will help increase and stabilize the productivity of this crop during the years of cultivation. This is what our research was aimed at, its relevance and priority. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat national academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine (MIW) during 2018/19–2020/21. The object of research was five innovative varieties of winter wheat of Myronivka selection, as well as two standard varieties: MIP Fortuna, MIP Lada, MIP Yuvileina, Aurora Myronivska, MIP Lakomka, Podolianka (standard) and Creiser (standard for durum winter wheat). The experiments were conducted after two predecessors: soybean and sunflower. Sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 (with a deviation of 1–3 days). Results. The results obtained indicate that the activity of seed pecking of winter wheat varieties grown in the Central Forest-Steppe was influenced by both predecessors and sowing dates. The conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were found to be favorable for the formation of seeds with high sowing qualities of winter wheat. The influence of predecessors and sowing dates on the sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds was determined. However, this effect on germination energy and laboratory germination was less pronounced compared to the activity of seed setting. Conclusions. In the Central Forest-Steppe, the soybean variety MIP Yuvileina is best sown on October 5, and Aurora Myronivska – regardless of the sowing date. Under such conditions, the sowing qualities of the seeds of these varieties were the highest. The varieties MIP Fortuna and MIP Lada proved to be the best in the first term. Over two years of observations, the average germination energy of winter wheat seeds was 84.0–98.0 % for the first sowing term and 87.5–97.5 % for the second sowing term after soybeans.

The effectiveness of using Trichogramma by agricultural drones

2025-07-14T17:43:38+03:00

Active ingredients of pesticides and their breakdownproducts accumulate in the soil, water bodies, and atmosphere,causing toxic effects on non-target organisms anddestroying natural ecosystems.Constant use of the same chemicals leads to the developmentof resistance in pest populations, which requiresan increase in application rates or a switch to more toxiccompounds, creating the so-called «pesticide spiral».Chemical insecticides often have a wide spectrum ofaction and destroy not only pests, but also their naturalenemies (predators and parasites), as well as pollinators, disrupting the natural mechanisms of pest population regulationin agrocenoses. Residual amounts of pesticidesin agricultural products pose a direct threat to consumerhealth.The biological method of protecting cultivated plantsfrom pests and diseases is based on the use of parasiticinsects (entomophages), mites (acariphages), nematodes,birds, mammals to reduce the number of harmful organisms(against pests of agricultural crops), and biologicalpreparations based on the products of the vital activity ofmicroorganisms (against pests and diseases of agriculturalcrops). Currently, this direction is very relevant, becausethe demand for organic products is constantly growing inthe world. This method of combating pests and diseases isdifferent in that it is safe for the environment and humans,and has a number of advantages compared to the use ofchemicals.The development and widespread implementation ofbiological methods of plant protection is gaining strategicimportance. One of the most effective and researchedareas of biological control is the use of entomophages –insects that are natural enemies of pests. Among them, theegg-eating insects of the genus Trichogramma deservespecial attention.

Varietal features of agricultural longevity of soybean seeds

2025-07-14T17:43:35+03:00

Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyse the agricultural durability of soybean seeds of different maturity groups during storage. Seeds prepared to condition indicators were stored in polypropylene bags. The conditions were modelled on storage in unheated warehouses in an uncontrolled climate. Methods. 12 soybean varieties developed by Ukrainian breeding institutions were studied: Avanturin, Adamos, Almaz, Alexandrite, Anthracite, Aquamarine, Arnika, Golubka, Zlatoslava, Muza, Siverka, and Samorodok. The seeds of the 2022 harvest (Certified seeds) were stored in polypropylene bags in uncontrolled climate warehouses, simulating the conditions of seed farms. Seed quality (germination energy, laboratory germination) was assessed annually and its moisture content was checked according to current methods. Results. During the three-year storage period, the moisture content of soybean seeds remained within acceptable limits and did not exceed 14%. The highest moisture content values were observed in the first year, when this indicator ranged from 9.8% to 13.6%. Experimental data show that during the first two years of storage in uncontrolled climatic conditions, the germination rate of most of the soybean varieties under study met the requirements of the standard and even exceeded 80%. The Adamos, Avanturin, Aquamarine, Arnika, Almaz and Zlatoslava varieties showed the lowest germination rate decline in the second year of storage. Although the germination energy of seeds is not regulated by the requirements of DSTU, it remains an important criterion for growing crops. It was found that in the second year of storage, half of the varieties, such as Adamos, Avanturin, Diamond, Aquamarine, Arnika and Golubka, had a slight decrease in germination energy. In the third year, a more noticeable deterioration of this indicator was observed in all varieties. At the same time, varieties Almaz, Aquamarine, Arnika and Muza demonstrated the preservation of germination energy at a satisfactory economic level. Conclusions. It was found that soybean seeds with high protein and oil content lose germination faster when stored in an uncontrolled climate. It was found that the use of seeds that have been stored for more than two years is undesirable due to reduced germination and germination energy, which leads to uneven germination and can reduce yields.

Screening of potato hybrids and varieties for resistance to rust spot in tubers under the conditions of Central Polissia of Ukraine

2025-07-14T17:43:32+03:00

The article presents the results of a long-term research (2018–2024) on the resistance of potato breeding material to rust spot, conducted under challenge conditions in the breeding laboratory of the Polissia Research Department, Institute for Potato Research. The research aimed to establish the effectiveness of different hybridization methods for creating potato breeding material resistant to rust spot and to investigate the influence of weather conditions on the development of this physiological defect, in order to identify promising genotypes for further breeding. To achieve this aim, intervarietal hybrids developed through our own breeding, interspecific hybrids from the genetic resources laboratory of the Institute for Potato Research, and varieties from different maturity groups of Ukrainian breeding were utilized. Methods: field method – visual assessment of the spread and degree of disease development on potato tubers grown under challenge conditions; statistical method – analysis of the influence of weather factors on the spread and development of rust spot in potato tubers using correlation and regression analysis. The research was conducted through a comparative analysis of the resistance of intervarietal and interspecific hybrids and potato varieties to rust spot in tubers by specific year of studies, identification of promising hybrids and varieties based on the results of multi-year evaluation (average for three years), and analysis of the influence of weather factors on disease development. Research results. It was established that intervarietal hybridization is the most effective method for creating material resistant to rust spot. Intervarietal hybrids are characterized by the highest level of resistance and the least variability of this indicator. Interspecific hybrids demonstrate significant variability in resistance level depending on the year. In contrast, potato varieties are characterized by the lowest resistance, the greatest variability of this indicator, and the predominance of forms with a medium level of resistance, which is a consequence of the breeding stabilization of the trait. Analysis of the resistance of individual potato varieties revealed significant differences between them, in particular, from stable resistance in the Partner variety to high susceptibility to rust spot in the Serpanok variety, which indicates the influence of both genetic characteristics of the variety and abiotic factors on the manifestation of the physiological defect. Regression analysis (2015–2024) revealed that air temperature in August, precipitation in June and August are key factors influencing the development of rust spot in tubers. Conclusion. The research results emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to breeding methods when creating potato varieties resistant to rust spot, taking into account both genetic characteristics and the influence of abiotic factors such as air temperature and precipitation. Promising potato hybrids and varieties identified during the research are valuable breeding material for creating varieties resistant to internal physiological tuber defects.

Reproductive potential of Scots pine (Pine silvestris L.) of Finnish origin on a clonal plantation in Vinnytsia region

2025-07-14T17:43:25+03:00

The article describes the availability of permanent forest-hay base (PFB) of Scots pine in Ukraine and seed harvesting from them. The advantages of using reproductive material of improved selection category to increase the productivity and economic value of forest plantations are determined. Modern approaches to the creation and formation of clonal plantations are analysed, their impact on genetic diversity and sustainability of forest ecosystems is assessed. The peculiarities of reproductive processes on a clone plantation of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) of Finnish origin are considered and the most stable clones with high reproductive capacity are identified. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the intensity of generative organs formation and to assess the state of reproductive functions of clonal plantations of Finnish pine and local population under climate change conditions in order to further use forest seeds of high breeding value in forestry practice. Methods. The methodology for assessing the formation of generative organs included: visual control of the presence and intensity of the formation of my-crostrobiles and macrostrobiles during the period of active flowering (April-June 2024). The intensity of cone formation was assessed according to the 5-point scale of A.A. Korchagin [3] from 1 to 5 points, where 1 is the minimum fruiting, 5 is the maximum number of generative organs per individual. The obtained results are summarised in the form of average scores of micro- and macrostrobil formation. Results. The results of the intensity of micro- and macrostrobil formation, as well as seed production of Scots pine on clonal plantations of Finnish origin in Vinnytsia region are presented. The intensity of reproductive organs formation in the context of clones was studied. The clones characterised by the most intensive seed production in Vinnytsia region were identified. The obtained results confirm the prospects of using clonal plantations of Scots pine in reforestation, which contributes to the increase of productivity, sustainability and adaptive potential of plantations. The necessity of further research in the field of clonal plantations to ensure the stability and efficiency of forestry is substantiated. Conclusions. Effective use of permanent forest seed base objects will allow to provide forestry enterprises with seeds of the highest selection category, which in the future will increase productivity, biological stability, economic value and genetic potential of forest plantations.

Automation of innovative activity in the management system

2025-07-14T17:43:30+03:00

The purpose. Any changes in the management system of the enterprise should be aimed at improving the characteristics of manufactured products and increasing the economic efficiency of the processes of their creation. The most effective way to achieve these goals is through both product and process innovations. Thus, according to calculations conducted in economic publications, innovation provides an opportunity to transition to new technological platforms, with the help of which the foundations of significant economic growth are formed. Research methods. The creation of a management system for the innovative sphere of activity of an enterprise in Azerbaijan, its measurement, change management and strategy development taking into account the innovative component are one of the main tasks of enterprise management. When solving the problem of creating a management system for innovative processes of an enterprise, the problem arises not only of creating a self-management methodology for innovative development, but also of reducing the resources spent on its implementation. In the research work, the solution of this problem was carried out on the basis of statistical and mathematical methods. The results. Thus, the need to build a single digital space that fully automates not only the described process, but also the processes of collecting and processing other types of innovation sources becomes clear. The implementation of such a solution will allow the enterprise to build a systematically managed and transparent process for selecting ideas, establish contacts between all participants in the process, optimize costs for selecting initiatives and minimize the risks of refinancing similar ideas. The solution proposed for implementation at the enterprise is a digital platform that provides management of the process of creating innovative products. A digital platform is a system of algorithmized mutually beneficial relationships between a significant number of independent participants of the economic sector (or field of activity) in a single information environment, which leads to a reduction in transaction costs through the use of a package. Conclusion. The digital platform will achieve the following business effects: a controlled and transparent process for selecting ideas/initiatives/innovations will be established across the entire group of companies; communication will be established between all participants in the process; costs for selecting ideas/initiatives/innovations will be optimized by freeing up labor resources and eliminating routine operations; a unified information environment will be created, which will increase the number of incoming ideas and innovative projects.

Garlic market in Ukraine. Problems and prospects for development

2025-07-14T17:43:27+03:00

The purpose of the article is to conduct a review of the garlic market in Ukraine, identify the main problems, assess production capabilities and determine areas for improving efficiency in the future. Methods. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used in the work process: mathematical- statistical, grouping, abstract-logical, dialectical method of cognition. Results. The current state of garlic production in Ukraine is considered. The share of this crop in the total sown areas and gross vegetable production is established, data on the location of garlic production in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine and individual categories of farms are provided. The reasons that hinder the effective development of this segment of the vegetable market are identified, which include: the use of outdated technologies and the practical absence of innovations; insufficient number of necessary capacities for processing, packaging, storage and processing, lack of professional branding and effective infrastructure, low development of agrologistics. The general strategy and priority areas of scientific support for garlic production in the future in the context of integration processes are outlined. Conclusions. The analysis of vegetable crop production in Ukraine shows that the share of the “garlic” sector in the total area of vegetable crops is 5%, and in gross harvests – about 2%. The total deficit of garlic production volumes to scientifically substantiated consumption norms is 2.6 thousand tons. It was established that the main production of garlic in Ukraine is concentrated in the Western, Central and Northern regions. The greatest reduction in production volumes occurred in the Southern and Eastern regions of Ukraine, which are located in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine or where hostilities were waged. Further development of garlic production in Ukraine should be directed towards highly intensive production based on the introduction of new high-yielding varieties and hybrids, with high taste characteristics and scientific support. At the same time, in the future, technical re-equipment of the vegetable growing industry, development of information support systems, creation of marketing services and development of market infrastructure are necessary.

INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION FACTORS ON WATER CONSUMPTION OF OIL FLAX VARIETIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2025-07-23T08:49:34+03:00

Purpose. The research aimed to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment and resource-saving nutrition, namely the application of complex mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with preparations, on the total water consumption and water consumption coefficient of the oil flax varieties Vodohrai, Dobrodar, and Zaporizkyi Bohatyr when grown on southern chernozem in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted at the experimental field of the Mykolaiv State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Steppe NAAS. The thermostat-weight method determined soil moisture in the 0–100 cm layer before sowing and after harvest. The calculation of total water consumption was performed using the water balance method. The water consumption coefficient was calculated as the ratio of total water consumption to seed yield. Statistical analysis of experimental data was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel and the Agrostat software package. The correlation coefficient values were analyzed according to the Chaddock scale. Observations of plant condition, sample collection, and yield accounting in the oil flax experiment were carried out by regional methodological recommendations and standards (DSTU). The study results showed that the total water consumption of oil flax is highly dependent on the weather conditions of the growing year. This indicator was at its maximum in the favorable and well-watered year of 2023, while it was the lowest in the driest year of 2024. The primary source of water for the crop is atmospheric precipitation; however, in years with a moisture deficit, soil water reserves also play a significant role. A direct correlation was established between the total water consumption and the yield level of the studied oil flax varieties. The lowest water consumption coefficients were observed in variants with complex mineral nutrition and modern foliar preparations, especially with pre-sowing seed treatment using Azotofit. Under such conditions, water use efficiency increases, and the water cost for producing one unit of yield decreases by 1.2–1.4 times compared to the control. Conclusions. Studies conducted with three oil flax varieties in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment with the biological preparation Azotofit (1.0 l/t), in combination with the application of the complex mineral fertilizer N15P15K15 and foliar feeding with modern preparations (Orhanik Balans, Boropti, Azotofit), significantly reduces the water consumption coefficient of oil flax crops. This indicates the possibility of obtaining stable crop productivity even under adverse drought conditions.