Agrarian innovations

Biochemical Profile of the Grain and Vegetative Mass of Common Bean

V.S. Bobrov — 2025-07-18

Objective. To determine and analyze the biochem- ical components of the plant and grain of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Methods. Physiological- biochemical, analytical, comparative, and statistical meth- ods were used. The content and quantity of phytochemical substances were determined using extraction techniques, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), paper chromatogra- phy (PC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results.The main phytochemical components and their quantitative content were identified in the biomass and grain samples of common bean. The lowest flavonoid content was detected in the leaves. The shoots showed the highest content of total phenolics – 200 mg/g and fla- vonoids – 150 mg/g, compared to the grain, where these components were found in quantities of 140–145 mg/g and 10–50 mg/g of dry matter, respectively. The phytic acid content in the grain ranged from 4.09 to 9.96 mg/g.The amount of saponins in the grain was only 0.6% mg/g.Tannin content in the grain ranged from 0.77 to 0.97 mg/g.Among the macronutrients, carbohydrates and starch had the highest values – 54–60% and 34–45%, respectively.In the vegetative mass of bush-type bean varieties, the highest concentrations of micronutrients were recorded for iron – 100–300 mg/kg of dry matter, zinc – 20–50 mg/ kg, copper and boron – 5–15 mg/kg and 20–50 mg/kg, respectively. The total content of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) in the biomass ranged from approxi- mately 5–15%.Conclusions.The results obtained demonstrate significant quantita- tive differences in the profile of phenolic components and other nutrients between the grain and biomass of common bean. Phytochemical components are species-specific and discriminative, making the crop valuable both for human consumption and as a nitrogen source in agricultural agro- cenoses.

Theoretical justification of multipolarity of sowing dates for winter rape

A.O. Bulakh — 2025-07-18

Goal. To study and justify the feasibility and direction of optimizing the timing of sowing winter rape. Methods. Field (setting up the experiment, conducting treatments), mathe- matical and analytical (identifying similarities or differences in indicators was determined by mathematical processing using the method of analysis of variance). Results. Two- year studies conducted in 2021-2022 in the Steppe of Ukraine showed that under favorable vegetation conditions, the sowing date of winter rapeseed has a significant impact on its productivity and, thus, the optimum can manifest itself within 50-60 days, which can be called multipolarity. It was found that the narrower the ratio of aboveground mass to root mass, the better the conditions for generative develop- ment. Under unfavorable conditions, unipolarity is clearly observed (late August-early September). Plants weak after winter have a high dependence on spring weather condi- tions. In terms of mass, the root system of different sowing dates exceeded this indicator of plants of later dates many times, but in terms of depth, the difference was almost absent. Thus, plants of late sowing dates that appear weak in appearance have good potential for further development.Such late crops are usually much denser, because during germination in this case there is almost always no mois- ture deficit. In 2021, the spring was quite cool and warm- ing was gradual. In contrast, 2022 was characterized by average multi-year temperature trends, which were deter- mined by sharp warming with dry weather. This factor was crucial in shaping seed yields and individual plant producti- vity. Conclusions. Field germination and winter hardiness of winter rapeseed have minimal dependence on sowing dates. To a greater extent, these indicators are determined by the weather conditions of the autumn-spring period.The ratio of root and aboveground mass has a significant impact on the generative development of plants. The nar- rower the ratio of aboveground mass to root mass, the bet- ter the conditions for generative development. The yield of winter rapeseed seeds by sowing dates has a three-polar dimension. The optimum sowing dates were observed on July 25 (1.92 t/ha), August 25 (2.28 t/ha) and September 15 (2.12 t/ha). The maximum difference in seed yield in the year optimal for weather conditions between sowing dates did not exceed 29%.

The influence of spatial arrangement of crops relative to the forest on biochemical indicators of soybean grain

O.I. Vradii — 2025-07-18

The purpose of the article is to establish the patterns of influence of spatial distribution of soybean crops relative to forest plantations on the main biochemical indicators of seeds (moisture content, mass fraction of protein, nitrate content), in order to determine the optimal growing con- ditions of this crop to ensure its ecological and nutritional quality. Methods. The methodological basis of this research is: empirical (field experiments and observations; measure- ment of indicators of the research object; theoretical (put- ting forward a hypothesis and forming conclusions based on research results; statistical; mathematical. Results. The highest grain moisture content is 15.4% at a distance of 100 m; the lowest is 7.9% at 200 m. Remote areas have lower and more stable moisture levels (8–9%), while “medium” distances (100 m) have the maximum moisture level. This is explained by dynamic microclimatic conditions, less influ- ence of shading and regulation of water balance. A signifi- cant increase in protein content is observed with distance: from 40.2% (10 m) to 65.35% (1000 m). This is explained by increased lighting conditions and stress factor – the optimal environment in those areas promotes protein syn- thesis. Minimum values at 10 m: 15.1 mg/kg; maximum – 30.9 mg/kg at 200 m. With distance from the forest, nitrate accumulation increases due to potential excess fertilization, reduced natural filtration through buffer zones. Biochemical indicators of soybean grain specifically respond to the complex of climatic and ecological conditions formed by the forest buffer. Buffer proximity provides lower humidity and reduced nitrate accumulation, but may prevent the formation of optimal conditions for protein synthesis due to excessive shading. Optimal limits are 50–100 m for a more balanced indicator of the complex. 500–1000 m – well suited for grain with a high protein content, but require con- trol over nitrates. Conclusions. For the production of grain with low humidity and nitrates, it is better to plant fields in the zone 10–50 m from the forest. To obtain higher-class protein grain – 500–1000 m, but it is necessary to ensure environmental management of nitrate content. Introduction of buffer zones from green belts to limit pollution and pre- serve the optimal microenvironment.

Formation of soybean leaf area depending on seed pre-treatment with metabolically active substances

V.M. Havii — 2025-07-18

Purpose. Determination of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with combinations of metabolically active substances on the formation of leaf area in soybean at dif- ferent stages of growth and development. Methods. The theoretical framework of this study is based on a systematic analysis of specialized scientific literature and the synthe- sis of results from both fundamental and applied research.The experimental part was carried out in accordance with approved methodological guidelines for conducting field trials. Results. It was established that pre-sowing treat- ment of soybean seeds with a combination of vitamin E + ubiquinone-10 contributed to an increase in trifoliate leaf area at the 1–3 trifoliate leaf stage by an average of 26.0 cm², which is 77.0% more than in the control. At the flow- ering stage, soybean plants exhibited the maximum leaf area. The highest trifoliate leaf area during flowering was observed following seed treatment with the combinationof vitamin E + ubiquinone-10. The combination of vitamin E + methionine + para-hydroxybenzoic acid+ MgSO₄ also showed a considerable positive effect on increasing leaf area during the flowering phase. The increase in the area of trifoliate leaves contributed to an improvement in soy- bean yield. The highest yield (3.2 t/ha) was obtained after seed treatment with the combination of vitamin E + ubiqui- none-10, exceeding the control by 36.8%. The combina- tion of vitamin E + para-hydroxybenzoic acid + methionine + MgSO₄ increased soybean yield by 14.1% compared to the control. Conclusions. The use of vitamin E + ubiqui- none-10 and vitamin E + methionine + para-hydroxyben- zoic acid + MgSO₄ combinations for pre-sowing seed treat- ment has a positive effect on increasing soybean trifoliate leaf area and yield. Pre-sowing seed treatment with these compounds is an effective technological component in the cultivation of leguminous crops.

Biometric parameters of the assimilating surface of sunflower plants

L.A. Harbar — 2025-07-18

The growth, development of sunflower plants and the for- mation of their leaf apparatus determine the amount of accu- mulated dry matter, affect crop productivity and depend on a number of regulated and unregulated factors. The aim of the article was to identify the influence of soil and climatic con- ditions of the years of research, genetic features of hybrids and technological techniques on the growth, development and formation of the assimilating apparatus of sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups. Methods. Field research was conducted in 2023-2024 in the conditions of the Ternopil region in accordance with generally accepted methods. The experiment was established using the split-plot method. The area of the sown plot was 60 m2, the accounting plot was 42 m2 with four-fold repetition. The predecessor in the experi- ment was winter wheat. During the growing season of sun- flower plants, phenological observations of plant growth and development were conducted.Results. The obtained research results showed that as the plants grew and developed, the leaf surface area increased. The maximum values were obtained during the flowering period of plants, which corresponded to 65-68 microstages of the ВВСН. Later, a decrease in the indicator was noted. This trend was observed in all hybrids that we studied, regardless of the maturity group. The highest indi- cators were obtained in the variant using N80P80K120, which varied from 40.8 to 45.6 thousand m2/ha. In the early matu- rity group, the parameters were from 40.8 to 41.4 thou- sand m2/ha, medium-early – 42.2-42.4 thousand m2/ha, medium – 44.9-45.6 thousand m2/ha. Conclusions. The maximum assimilating surface was formed by the hybrid of the middle ripeness group P64LL155 45.6 thousand m2/ha and the variant with the use of N80P80K120. A direct correla- tion was established between the area of plant blades and yield with a correlation coefficient of 0.978.

Regional Trends and Prospects in Side-Stream Valorization in Europe and Ukraine

V.A. Hetmanenko — 2025-07-18

Valorization of organic waste, including plant residues, animal manure, food industry by-products, and sewage sludge, represents a strategic pathway toward sustainable resource use and circular bioeconomy models. A defining characteristic of the agri-industrial sector is the large volume of organic waste, which can be converted into valuable secondary resources. This enables the development of methodological foundations for a modern agri-food system based on principles of sustainability, circularity, ecosystem approaches, and social inclusion. This article aims to assess current trends and future prospects in the valorization of organic waste in the European Union and Ukraine.It has been established that in the EU, organic waste valorization is supported by regulations (notably Regulation EU 2019/1009), funding instruments (such as Horizon Europe and LIFE), and a high level of technological maturity. In Ukraine, while industrial processing (such as biogas plants) is developing actively, the infrastructure for managing household organic waste remains limited. The article analyzes current innovations in organic waste processing, evaluating their technological readiness and scalability potential. It focuses on both technological and regulatory dynamics.Key transformation pathways include composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, fermentation, algae cultivation, electrodialysis, and struvite crystallization. Strategic opportunities in organic waste valorization are discussed, along with recommendations for advancing circular bioeconomy principles in this domain. Ukraine has a high but underutilized potential. Integration into the European Green Deal, the development of public-private partnerships, standardization, and demonstration projects are identified as essential steps for an effective transition to sustainable organic resource management.

Results of testing new potato varieties for their further inclusion in the seed production process in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine

O.M. Hryhorieva — 2025-07-18

Рurpose of the work was to establish the produc- tive indicators and susceptibility to viral diseases of new potato varieties imported from another agroclimatic zone of Ukraine, for their further inclusion in the seed production process in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine.Methods. The research was conducted by setting up a field experiment in the laboratory of bioadaptive technologies in the Agricultural Research Center in the scientific crop rota- tion of the Institute of Steppe Agriculture of the NAAS.The experiment uses seed material of modern potato varieties imported from the Institute of Potato Growing of the NAAS.The predecessor is spring barley. Agricultural technol- ogy is generally accepted for this zone, with the exception of the methods being studied.Results. The weather conditions of the research period were characterized by an increased temperature regime against the background of the absence of effective precip- itation. During the potato growing season in 2023, 168.0 mm of precipitation fell, in 2024 – 55.6 mm with an average multi-year value of 231.0 mm.During the production test in 2023, the germination rate of potato varieties ranged from 41.2% (Mystery) to 89.2% (Zhytnytsia). In the remaining varieties, it was within 61.8–85.3%. In 2024, this rate was significantly lower for most varieties than for the material imported in 2023. The germination rate of tubers ranged from 31.5% (early-rip- ening variety Serpanok) to 62.1% (mid-ripening variety Knyahynya).On average over the years of research, the yield of potato tubers of medium-early varieties was 9.84 t/ha, com- pared to 8.66 t/ha in the early group and 7.60 t/ha in the mid-ripening group.On average, in 2023–2024, the highest yield of potato seed tubers was formed by varieties of the mid-early ripen- ing group – 3.62 t/ha, which is 1.5 t/ha (41.4%) less than the mid-ripening group and 1.55 t/ha (42.8%) than early-ripen- ing varieties.A visual assessment of potato plantings showed that the infection with viral diseases in imported potato varieties from another soil and climatic zone was quite insignificant – from 0.7% (Skarbnytsia) to 2.7% (Povin). In other varieties studied, wrinkled mosaic was not detected.Conclusions. According to the results of ecological testing of potato varieties imported from the northern Forest- Steppe zone of Ukraine, it was found that the varieties Shchedryk, Skarbnytsia (early maturity group, Myroslava (mid-ripening maturity group) and Fotiniya (mid-ripening group) are the most adapted to the conditions of the north- ern Steppe among those listed.

The effectiveness of protection measures for maize hybrids of different FAO groups by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon under continuous maize cultivation conditions with irrigation

A.V. Donets — 2025-07-18

The article presents the results of studies on the degree of infection of maize hybrids of different FAO groups with Fusarium head blight (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) in permanent crops for five years. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of chemical and biological means of protecting maize hybrids of different FAO groups from Fusarium head blight (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) under drip irrigation conditions in permanent maize crops during 2020…2024. Methods. Field experiments were con- ducted at the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture of the NAAS in the agroecological zone of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Results. According to the results of the research, it was found that during permanent maize crops, damage to maize hybrid plants by Fusarium head blight in the 4th–5th year increased significantly com- pared to the first years. In the last two years of a five- year permanent crop, the degree of infection of hybrids increased by 33.3…44.25%. Hybrids with FAO over 300 were more affected, which is associated with the longer duration of the growing season of these genotypes and the increased duration of invasive pressure on plants.Without the use of plant protection products, the incidence of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon significantly increased by the fifth year of constant crops. Thus, if at the beginning of the two-year period of repeated crops, the incidence of hybrid plant ears was 22.6...34.5% in the FAO 190...290 group, then in the last two years of the five-year constant crop, the degree of infection of these hybrids was 60.1...73.0%. The intensity of damage to ears by Fusarium wilt in hybrids with FAO 320...420 increased more rapidly in constant crops compared to early-ripening genotypes. Thus, in the first two years of constant crops, the incidence of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon in hybrids of this maturity group was 38.3...48.4%. At the end of the five-year period, the incidence of hybrids Askania, Tronka, Arabat, Vira increased to 70.2…91.6%.The incidence of late-ripening hybrids increased almost twice, which indicates a greater sensitivity to damage by Fusarium head blight. The use of a biological product for corn protection showed the effectiveness of the drug Trichopsin BT (biological preparations of insecticidal and growth-stimulating action) in the fight against Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Conclusions. The use of integrated plant protection (chemical insecticide + biological preparation + chemical fungicide) showed the greatest technical efficiency in the fight against Fusarium head blight. The technical efficiency of such protection of maize heads from Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon was the greatest and amounted to 82…94%.

Influence of meteorological factors on the formation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield

O.S. Zabarnyi — 2025-07-18

Purpose. Expanding the area under winter rapeseed cultivation can be the basis for food security stability both in Ukraine and worldwide. After all, products processed from its seeds are widely used in the food, chemical and medical industries, as well as in animal feed. Therefore, determining the impact of hydrothermal conditions on the formation of winter rapeseed hybrid yields in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe is an extremely important issue and requires in-depth field research, taking into account the characteristics of pre-sowing soil cultivation and row spacing. Methods. To achieve the set goal, the following methods were used: field (determination of yield level) and statistical (processing of experimental data). The object of the research was winter rapeseed hybrids of different maturity from BASF, namely INV 1030 and INV 1165. The experimental design included two options for pre-sowing soil cultivation: ploughing to a depth of 25 cm and disc harrowing to a depth of 18 cm. The hybrids were sown with different row spacings of 15, 30 and 70 cm. Field studies were conducted in the Vinnytsia region. Results. The results of observations on the growth and development of winter rapeseed plants indicate a huge direct and indirect influence of hydrothermal conditions on seed productivity throughout the entire growing season. This influence is most critical during the flowering and seed filling period (May-June). It is at this time that the number of pods is determined and the weight of 1,000 seeds is formed, which directly affects productivity.Conclusions. The research showed that rainfall during the growing season directly affects the yield of winter rapeseed hybrids. The yield of winter rapeseed hybrids in the best variants was 4.52-4.60 t/ha in 2021, 4.09-4.18 t/ha in 2022, and 4.39-4.48 t/ha in 2023.

The Influence of Plant Density and Foliar Fertilization with Micronutrients on the Yield of DEKALB Corn Hybrids in the Conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

M.O. Ivaniv — 2025-07-18

Purpose. To investigate the influence of plant den- sity and foliar fertilization with micronutrients on the grain yield of corn hybrids of different FAO groups in the condi- tions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field method – establishment of a three-factor field experi- ment in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.Laboratory method – to determine grain moisture, grain impurities, and contamination. Mathematical-statistical method – processing experimental data using analysis of variance to assess the significance of the influence ofindividual factors and their interactions on grain yield.Statistical significance was determined using the least significant difference (LSD05) criterion for each year of research. In addition, we calculated the share of influence of each factor and their interactions on yield formation, which allowed us to quantitatively assess the importance of each factor in the overall variation complex. Results.The article presents the results of three-year field studies examining the influence of plant density and foliar ferti- lization with micronutrients on the grain yield of DEKALB corn hybrids from different FAO groups. It was determined that the optimal planting density for the research zone is 60–75 thousand plants/ha, at which the most effective use of moisture, light, and nutrients by plants is ensured. Excessive thickening, especially under dry conditions (2024), signif- icantly reduced yield due to high intraspecific competition among plants. Under favorable moisture conditions (2022), the highest yield level was achieved at a plant density of 75 thousand/ha, while under extremely dry conditions (2024), it was 55 thousand/ha. High effectiveness of foliar fertilization with micronutrients was identified, particularly with the micronutrient Amino Ultra Corn, which provided a stable increase in yield by 11–15% compared to the control.The maximum levels of corn grain yield were determined when growing hybrids DKS 4712 (FAO 370) and DKS 5206 (FAO 420) at a plant density of 60–65 thousand/ha and con- ducting two rounds of foliar fertilization with the micronutri- ent Amino Ultra Corn – 9.21–9.24 t/ha. Similar yield levels were achieved by hybrids DKS 4109 (FAO 320) at a density of 70 thousand/ha and DKS 4391 (FAO 350) at a density of 65–70 thousand/ha in experimental variants with foliar fertilization using the same micronutrient – 9.18–9.20 t/ha.According to the results of variance analysis, it was estab- lished that the maximum influence on yield was exerted by the combination of three factors: hybrid × density × micro- nutrient, which justifies the importance of a comprehensive approach to corn cultivation technology, especially under modern climate changes. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, corn grain yield largely depends on the complex combination of hybrid, optimal planting density, and foliar fertilization with micronutrients.The highest yield levels based on three years of research were achieved through two rounds of foliar fertilization with the micronutrient Amino Ultra Corn when growing hybrids DKS 4712 (FAO 370) and DKS 5206 (FAO 420) at a plant density of 60–65 thousand/ha – 9.21–9.24 t/ha, DKS 4109 (FAO 320) at a density of 70 thousand/ha – 9.20 t/ha, and DKS 4391 (FAO 350) at a density of 65–70 thousand/ha – 9.18–9.19 t/ha.

Formation of green mass of dill Aligator variety under the influence of the microbiological preparation of EM Agro in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine

M.M. Kovalov — 2025-07-18

The article explores an important issue of increasing the productivity of the Аligator variety in conditions characteristic of the boogin agriculture of the Northern Steppe zone of Ukraine, in particular in the Kirovograd region. The objective. The aim of the work was to study and substantiate optimal agrotechnical techniques, including the use of the microbiological preparation of EM Agro at different doses and variants of row width, to maximize the formation of green mass of culture. The relevance of the work is due to increasing demand for green products, the need to increase the profitability of its production in conditions of limited water resources and the search for environmentally safe methods of crop intensification. Methods. The study was conducted in open soil conditions that mimic the boom conditions of the Northern Steppe zone of Ukraine. The experiment had a multifactorial scheme, which included eight options for three repetitions and an area of 1 m² of accounting area. The experiment included control options without the use of fertilizers and variants with the use of microbiological preparation EM Agro at doses of 3, 4 and 5 l/ha. The influence of two row width variants was also studied: 15 cm and 30 cm. During the growing season, regular observations and measuring of key agrobiological indicators were carried out. In particular, the field germination of seeds (%), the height of the plants (cm) at different stages of development, the mass of one plant (G), the area of the leaf surface (cm²) and the yield of green mass (t/ha) were evaluated. Results.The data obtained clearly showed a significant positive effect of the microbiological preparation EM Agro on all the studied rates of growth and development of dill. A significant increase in the similar seeds in variants using EM Agro is revealed, which provides optimal crop yield. The plants treated with the preparation showed more intense growth, which was manifested in the higher values of the height of the plants of dill, a significant increase in the average weight of one plant and the area of the leaf surface compared to the options for control. The highest productivity of dill plants and, as a consequence, the total output of green mass is recorded with the use of EM Agro at a dose of 5 l/ha. Options with a row spacing of 15 cm showed a higher yield compared to a width of 30 cm. The highest yield rates exceeding 20 t/ha were achieved in the variant with the introduction of 5 l/ha and the width of the row spacing 15 cm. Findings. The studies have revealed high efficiency of the microbiological preparation of EM Agro in increasing the productivity of dill Aligator variety in the booming conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine. The use of the drug contributes to better seed germination, increased growth processes, increased biomass of one plant and the overall output of green mass. The optimal rate of use of the microbiological preparation EM Agro for these conditions is 4 l/ha. In addition, the expediency of using a row spacing is 15 cm to maximize the crop.The results emphasize the prospect of integration of biological preparations in the technology of growing green crops to ensure a stable and environmentally friendly agricultural production in the conditions of climate change and limited water resources.

Еxpert legal service and certification of the production of food phytoresources and products

R.L. Kovalchuk — 2025-07-18

Expert legal services and certification of food phytore- sources and products are key elements in ensuring the qual- ity and safety of products on the market. The certification pro- cess takes into account all stages of production – from the collection of raw materials to the final product, which helps to increase consumer confidence and compliance with national and international standards. The legal service includes con- sultations, explanations and support for legal aspects related to certification, including licensing requirements, environ- mental responsibility and compliance with consumer health and safety standards. At the same time, the expert assess- ment of the quality of phytoproducts includes testing of its components for compliance with the necessary standards and requirements. The certification procedure includes not only control over technological processes, but also a series of checks for compliance with organic production standards that require specialized knowledge in botany, pharmaceuti- cals and food technology.Thus, expert legal service and certification are important components of ensuring high quality and safety of food phytore- sources, which contributes to their successful integration into the domestic and international markets. At the present stage, it is extremely problematic and relevant to change the outlook on the formation and functioning of sustainable ecosystems with food resources in Ukraine. Insufficiently grounded scientific, educational and technical processes of the last century have significantly affected the state of the living environment and the environment at the planetary, global, regional and local levels due to significant land plowing and improper use of a number of technologies, including unjustified use of various toxicants (pes- ticides, mineral fertilizers, etc.).Based on the above arguments, it is extremely impor- tant to introduce innovative disciplines into the scientific and educational process in order to train relevant special- ists in the production of high-quality and safe food prod- ucts, namely, the expert legal service for food production.Our substantiation and research have established that the main criteria for efficient and environmentally friendly pro- duction of food and feed products that meet the parameters of proper nutrition are the following.

Scientific justification of biologization elements in potato cultivation technology

V.S. Kravchenko — 2025-07-18

Modern agricultural production is increasingly focused on environmental safety and the rational use of natural resources. In this context, the biologization of crop cultiva- tion technologies, particularly for potatoes, is gaining impor- tance as a pathway toward sustainable development.Purpose. The aim of the article is to provide a compar- ative analysis of scientific data regarding the effectiveness of biologization elements in potato cultivation technologies.Special attention is given to the impact of green manures, organic residues, and biological preparations on yield, plant resistance, and ecological viability.Methods. A descriptive method was applied by analyz- ing and comparing findings from various scientific sources.The review focused on studies that examined the influence of green manures (siderates), straw combined with nitrogen fertilizers, deep tillage, and biostimulants on potato produc- tivity under different soil and climatic conditions.Results. The analyzed sources indicate that the appli- cation of biologization elements – such as white mustard, oil radish, straw with nitrogen supplements, and microbio- logical preparations – contributes to increased potato yield, improved plant resistance to abiotic stress, and reduced weed infestation. For instance, the use of siderates increased yield by up to 11.4%, and straw with nitrogen improved tuber mass by 2.9–8.1%. Pre-sowing treatment with biostimulants enhanced heat resistance by up to 50% and yield up to 54.8 t/ha. Biologized systems also showed higher economic per- formance, with profitability reaching up to 77.6%.Conclusions. The analysis confirms the significant role of biologization elements in improving potato cultiva- tion technologies. Their integration into farming practices promotes sustainable production and better economic out- comes. However, effectiveness depends greatly on regional conditions, soil types, and implementation approaches.

The effectiveness of using artificial intelligence in horticulture

N.V. Kravchenko — 2025-07-18

An important aspect of the application of new technologies in horticulture is the reliance on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for data processing and pattern recognition. They have shown high efficiency in detecting subtle patterns and trends that may not be immediately visible to the human eye. When applied to pest control, ANNs help to recognize changes in plant responses that indicate physiological disturbances caused by pests, supporting early and targeted interventions. The integration of new technologies into agriculture not only increases the effectiveness of monitoring, but also reduces the dependence on chemical pesticides. This approach is important for sustainable agriculture, as it minimizes environmental impact while ensuring high suitability. The use of new technologies for value discovery is a step forward in modern agricultural practices, where precision and temporality are vital to maintaining plant health and quality. A variety of technologies are used to monitor plant health, including advanced sensors, cameras, and automated data processing systems. Sensors such as temperature, humidity, and light sensors are crucial for monitoring the greenhouse environment in real time. This data, transmitted to a central system based on II, allows for precise control of the growing environment. Video cameras capture changes in height and shade appearance, while computer vision and image analysis display anomalies in the system, such as changes in color, shape, or texture, indicating the impact of influencing factors.The data collected by these devices is then processed using the latest technology trained to recognize patterns in plant health. These networks provide early warning, detect deviations related to pest activity, allowing for timely and preventive measures. Such automated responses may include damage correction, introduction of approved or even biological control measures, such as the introduction of natural defenders to combat identified harmful factors.

Productivity and Economic Efficiency of Apple Cultivar Cultivation in Intensive Orchards

V.V. Leus — 2025-07-18

The article presents the results of a study evaluating winter apple cultivars in intensive-type orchards. The aim of the research was to compare the productivity, market quality, and economic efficiency of the winter apple culti- vars: Renet Simirenko (control), Golden Delicious, Red Jonaprince, Erovan, Pinova, and Fuji in the intensive orchard of the LLC “Kharkiv Fruit Company” located in the Chuhuiv district of the Kharkiv region.It was established that over the three years of research, the highest total yield was obtained from the GoldenDelicious and Red Jonaprince cultivars – 131.2 and 127.6 tons per hectare, respectively. A slightly lower yield – 119.4 t/ha – was recorded for the Pinova cultivar. Fuji trees yielded 108 t/ha over the same period. The lowest produc- tivity was observed in the Erovan and Renet Simirenko cul- tivars – 100.8 and 99.6 t/ha, respectively.The study revealed that the lowest percentage of fruits with a diameter of 70 mm or more was observed in the Erovan and Fuji cultivars – 56.6% and 57.3%, respectively.Pinova provided 62.4% of fruits in the analyzed size range.According to the results, only the Red Jonaprince cultivar had about 75% of fruits with a diameter above 70 mm. The share of fruits larger than 70 mm in the Golden Delicious and Renet Simirenko cultivars was 73.8% and 72.6%, respectively.An analysis of the total product value showed that the highest figures – 656.5 and 611.9 thousand UAH per hec- tare – were obtained from the Golden Delicious and Red Jonaprince cultivars. These results were achieved due to higher yields and the maximum share of fruits around 70 mm in diameter. The lowest product value – 485.5 thou- sand UAH/ha – was recorded for the control cultivar Renet Simirenko, despite its relatively high market quality.The study confirmed that the highest profitability levels were provided by the Golden Delicious and Red Jonaprince cultivars – 63.7% and 53.95%, respectively. Erovan showed slightly lower profitability – 49.4%. The control cultivar Renet Simirenko showed the lowest profitability – 31.4%.Thus, when establishing intensive orchards under the conditions of the Kharkiv region, it is advisable to plant the apple cultivars Golden Delicious, Red Jonaprince, and Erovan. These cultivars proved to be more economically effective due to their high yield indicators, good market quality, and adaptation to local climatic conditions.

Field germination of winter wheat seeds depending on varietal characteristics, sowing rates and biological products

D.V. Mykhailiuk — 2025-07-18

Purpose. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of a plant growth stimulant and a mycorrhizal preparation at different sowing rates of winter wheat seeds on field germination in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted during 2022–2025 in the conditions of the Educational and Production Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (BNAU) – the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil type was typical black soil. The experiment was three-factorial: factor A – variety, factor B – sowing rate, factor C – application of biological products (pre-sowing treatment of seeds, crops). The experiment was set up using the method of systematic repetitions: in each repetition, the experiment variants were placed in the plots sequentially. The repeatability of the experiments was fourfold. Pre-sowing seed treatment was carried out by the method of wet inoculation.Results. It was established that meteorological conditions had a significant impact on the emergence and initial growth of winter wheat plants. The duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2022 was 56 days, with 173 mm of precipitation, in 2024 – 52 days and 131 mm of precipitation. A small amount of precipitation (97 mm) and a shorter autumn vegetation period (49 days) were observed in 2023. It was studied that pre-sowing seed treatment with the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend increased the germination energy of the studied varieties by 2.1–2.9%, and with the growth stimulator Agrostimulin by 2.4–3.7%. Laboratory germination increased in the Lisova Pisnya variety with the use of Mycofriend by 2%, with the use of Agrostimulin by 2.6%. In the Zorya Laniv variety, by 1.2 and 1.3%, respectively. It was found that seed treatment with protective and stimulating preparations provided higher field germination rates compared to the control in all variants of the experiment. Conclusions. The use of the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend and the plant growth stimulator Agrostimulin provides an increase in laboratory and field germination of winter wheat seeds. The optimal seeding rate in the experiment was set at 5.0 and 5.5 million seeds/ha, since the field germination rates were the highest in these variants. According to the analysis of variance, it was investigated that not only seed treatment with protective and stimulating preparations had a significant impact on field germination of seeds – 21.3%, but also weather conditions – 19.4%.

Forecast of favorable and unfavorable years for winter wheat in the south of Ukraine

I.T. Netis — 2025-07-18

Purpose. Investigate the impact of 4-year cycles of high-yielding years on the yield and gross harvest of winter wheat in the Odessa region, in the context of the possibility of predicting lean and yielding years. Methods: field, sta- tistical, analytical, calculation-comparative and theoretical generalization. Results. In the production of winter wheatgrain in the Odessa region there is a significant increase in the level of yield and gross harvest of its grain. The average annual increase in winter wheat yield in the region is 0.0155 t/ha, and the growth of gross grain harvesting is 13.7 thou- sand tons. However, the yield and gross harvest of this crop varies significantly by years, due to frequent droughts in this area. The coefficient of wheat yield variation is 26.5 %, and the gross grain harvest reaches 43.5 %. It was also found that in the high -yield years the volumes of wheat grain decreased by 18.7 %, compared to its average collection.The decrease in grain production is explained by the fact that the fall before the high -soaked years was usually arid, so in the fall, weak and liquefied crops were formed, much of which in the spring of the farm was moved, which led to the lack of grain. Winter grain is harvested in the next after high year. During these years, its gross harvest increased by 26.3 % compared to its average production. This is due to a larger wheat harvesting area and a higher grain yield by 0.33 t/ha. The identified pattern makes it possible to pre- dict favorable and adverse for growing winter wheat, with a probability of 75 %. Conclusions. In the Odessa region there is a significant increase in the level of yield and gross harvest of winter wheat. The average annual increase in its yield is 0.0155 t/ha, and the annual increase in gross grain harvest is 13.7 thousand tons. The 4-year cyclicality of favorable and adverse for growing winter wheat is clearly manifested. There is a decrease in the production of win- ter wheat in high -yielding years, an average of 18.7 %, and an increase in its production in the first year after high -yielding years – by 26.3 %. The decrease in the crop and the volume of wheat production in the high -recess years is caused by dry autumn before high -soaked years and the formation of weak, liquefied crops and sewing of part of the area. The 4-year cyclicality detected makes it possible to predict favorable and unfavorable for growing winter wheat.

Early spring conditions and gluten content in winter wheat grain in the northern Steppe of Ukraine

M.I. Mostipan — 2025-07-18

Purpose.The main objective of the research was to substantiate scientific and methodological foundations for the development and implementation of ecologically adaptive technologies for growing high-quality winter wheat grain in the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were conducted in 1986-2005 at Kirovohrad Experimental Station (now the Institute of Steppe Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine). Winter wheat was sown after black fallow and corn for silage at several dates: 2, 17 of September and 2 of October. The gluten content was determined by the washing method.Results. It has been established that in the northern Steppe of Ukraine, the later the spring vegetation of winter wheat plants resumes, the lower the amount of gluten in its grain. On average, regardless of the fore-crops and sowing dates, the gluten content in winter wheat grain in years with an early renewal of spring vegetation is 26.1%, while in years with a late renewal of spring vegetation it is 31.7%.The duration of the period from the time the average daily air temperature passes through 0°C to the renewal of active vegetation affects the amount of gluten in winter wheat grain.The highest gluten content (31.4%) is observed in years with the duration of this period from 20 to 30 days. Both lengthen- ing and shortening of the growing season reduces its amount to 28.8% in years with the duration of up to 10 days and 27.2% in years with the duration of more than 30 days.Findings. A moderate temperature regime in the range of 7.1 to 9.0°C during the period from the time of spring veg- etation renewal to the beginning of plant tubing provides the highest amount of gluten. In such years, the gluten content was 30.6%, compared to 29.6% in years with an average daily air temperature of up to 7.0°C and 26.6% in years with temperatures above 11.0°C. The longer this period is, the higher the amount of gluten accumulated in winter wheat grain. In the years with a short period of up to 25 days, the gluten content averaged 27.0% compared to 30.2% in the years with a period of more than 35 days. Both dry conditions and excessive moisture supply to crops during this period caused a decrease in the gluten content of winter wheat grain. In years with precipitation of 10 to 30 mm, the gluten content in wheat grain ranged from 29.3 to 30.0%, compared to 27.9% in years with precipitation of less than 10 mm and 28.4% in years with more than 30.0 mm of precipitation.

Use of a linear regression algorithm to predict the yield of “Oktava odeska” wheat in the steppe zone of mykolaiv region

S.F. Prystash — 2025-07-18

The article examines the application of machine learning models to forecast the yield of winter wheat variety “Octava Odeska” under the steppe conditions of the Mykolaiv region. It substantiates the need to replace traditional multifactor physical models with more flexible big data analysis algorithms. As input data, yield figures from 2020–2024, average winter and annual temperatures, and precipitation amounts were used, obtained from the open sources of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center and Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. The linear regression and second-degree polynomial regression models were implemented in the Google Colaboratory Python environment, enabling rapid prototyping and validation of results using MAE and MSE metrics.Linear regression demonstrated stable additive rela- tionships: with each degree increase in average winter temperature, yield increases by approximately 0.08 t/ha, while each millimeter of winter precipitation reduces yield by about 0.06 t/ha (MAE = 0.47; MSE = 0.22). The fore- cast surface is flat, with a negative slope along the temperature axis and a positive slope along the precipitation axis, truncated by the genetic potential maximum of the variety (~ 5.7 t/ha).The second-degree polynomial model revealed pronounced nonlinear saturation and “plateau” effects: yield increases with moisture up to 50–60 mm and temperature up to + 2 … + 7 °C, followed by a slowdown in growth under extreme conditions (MAE = 0.0637; MSE = 0.0078). This approach better captures the interaction of climatic factors during critical phenophases.The derived relationships enable scenario-based yield forecasting for various climatic conditions, prompt planning of agronomic measures–irrigation, heat stress protection, adjustment of sowing dates–and bring actual results closer to the genetic potential of the “Octava Odeska” variety.Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the model to input parameter deviations was conducted, confirming its robustness and practical applicability in variable climatic conditions.

The role of microorganisms in agriculture under resource scarcity and climate change – a review

A.V. Tyshchenko — 2025-07-18

Introduction. Climate change, resource scarcity and at the same time their conservation pose new challenges to agriculture to ensure food security. The widespread use of microorganisms will solve this problem. The interaction of plants and bacteria in the rhizosphere occurs through many processes, but the main ones are those that determine the growth and development of plants and soil fertility. Results.PGPR rhizobacteria exert their beneficial effects in differ- ent ways, either stimulating natural processes to enhance and increase the absorption of nutrients and their assim- ilation and synthesizing certain compounds for plants, or preventing and protecting plants from diseases and con- tributing to increasing their resistance to abiotic stress of plants through processes such as the synthesis of phyto- hormones, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and biocontrol of diseases. Establishing a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria results in the important process of biological nitrogen fixation, where atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia (NH3), a form of nitrogen available to plants, and thanks to this process, legumes are able to fix approximately 100 to 300 kg/ha of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) annually with the right variety-strain selection. In addi- tion, through the process of phosphate solubilization, PGPR dissolve phosphorus and other mineral nutrients, thereby increasing their availability to plants. Microorganisms (PSM), especially phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), which solubilize phosphate, play a very important role in plant phosphorus nutrition. In addition, there are potassi- um-solubilizing bacteria (KSB). Rhizobacteria also carry out biocontrol of diseases, they produce siderophores and in addition to improving plant health and iron nutrition, they also inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, in particu- lar, they prevent the growth of pathogens, by limiting the pathogen's access to iron. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can coexist with more than 70-90% of plant species to establish symbiotic relationships, with a stable symbio- sis between them. In the symbiosis, the host plants pro- vide the AM fungi with a source of organic carbon, and it is controlled by both the plant and the fungus to maintain a stable symbiotic relationship. Host plants choose the best partners for symbiosis and supply them with more carbo- hydrates in exchange, obtained from fungi, more mineral nutrients. In such mutualistic relationships, the mycorrhizal fungus promotes greater absorption of nutrients by host plants (phosphorus, water and minerals) by increasing the root system and plants colonized by AMF have better resist- ance to environmental stresses such as drought, cold, pol- lution. Conclusion. The correct selection of rhizobacteria, AMF and host plants, when used together, can provide a high synergistic effect on various traits and properties (level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, activation of the general plant defense system, root architecture, productivity).

Oilseed Radish Root Residues as an Additional Effective Component of Intermediate Green Manure Fertilization

Ya.G. Tsytsiura — 2025-07-18

Objective. The purpose of the study was to investigate the development of the root system of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) in terms of its biochemical profile and bio-organic potential as a fertilizing component on Grey Forest Soils.Methods. The research was conducted during 2014–2024 at the experimental field of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University on Grey Forest Soils with medium fertility poten- tial. The experiment was arranged in four replications with a systematic two-tier design. The study focused on the summer (intermediate) green manure variant, assessing the biopro- ductivity of root system formation and the complete biochemi- cal composition of the root biomass.Results. The study examined the levels of bioproductivity in oilseed radish root biomass formation over an eleven-year period under unstable atmospheric moisture conditions and markedly variable temperature regimes. The average yield of dry root biomass was 1.19 t/ha, characterizing the crop as ahighly productive green manure species in terms of root resi- due accumulation during summer sowing.Biochemical composition analysis identified the root mass as having high fertilizing potential and slow decomposition rates. The long-term average agrochemical potential of the root biomass was estimated at 45–65 kg/ha of nitrogen, up to 7.0 kg/ha of phosphorus, up to 40 kg/ha of potassium, up to 5.6 kg/ha of calcium, and up to 11 kg/ha of sulfur. The root biomass demonstrated a high biofumigation potential, with glucosinolate accumulation reaching up to 20.76 mol/ha.The decomposition dynamics of oilseed radish root resi- dues were found to be optimized, facilitating the gradual incor- poration of aboveground biomass into the soil during green manure-related agrotechnical operations.Conclusions. It has been shown that oil radish root resi- dues are an additional and important component of the overall potential of green manure bioproductivity on gray forest soils, especially in comparison with other cruciferous green manure crops. Root residues increase the overall green manure potential of oil radish by 11% in terms of nitrogen, 5.8% in terms of phosphorus, 18.5% in terms of potassium, 5.9% in terms of calcium, and 19.6% in terms of sulfur. In addition, the potential for biofumigation increases by at least 11.7% due to the normalization of the decomposition rate of plant biomass in the soil and the slowdown of mineralization with a coeffi- cient of 1.17. This ultimately creates favorable conditions for the absorption of nutrients by the soil absorption complex and successful soil nutrition of the plants following green manure.

Features of the formation of individual productivity of soybean plants under different sowing methods

V.M. Chorna — 2025-07-18

Purpose. To study the influence of the sowing method with different row spacing (15, 30, 45 cm) on the formation of the structure and individual productivity of plants of the Titan, Pallada, Kobuko soybean varieties selected by the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podilliaof NAAS on gray forest soils in conditions of the Right- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Systematic method, the field one in combination with measuring and mathematical-statistical, trial sheaf method was used in the research. Results. During 2022–2024, the varietal response of soybean varieties Titan, Pallada and Kobuko to the sowing method with different row spacing (15, 30, 45 cm) was established. It was found that the row spacing affected the growth and development of soybean plants, and subsequently, the formation of their individual productivity.In the Titan and Kobuko varieties, the maximum number of beans (38.4 and 39.3 pcs/plant), the number of seeds (84.1 and 68.7 pcs/plant), the mass of seeds (15.4 and 12.8 g/plant) and the mass of 1000 seeds (176.6 and 170.5 g) were observed when sowing in a row method with a row spacing of 15 cm, while in the Pallada variety, the maximum indicators of individual productivity – the number of beans (32.5 pcs/plant), the number of seeds (73.3 pcs/plant), the mass of seeds (11.4 g/plant) and the mass of 1000 seeds (172.2 g) were fixed when sowing in a row method with a row spacing of 30 cm. It should be noted that increasing the row spacing from 15 cm to 45 cm led to a decrease in the level of individual productivity indicators of the studied soybean varieties by 3.5-40.1 %. In addition, it was found that the row spacing affected the mass of 1000 seeds formed in the lower, middle and upper tiers of soybean plants. In the Titan and Kobuko varieties, the maximum mass of 1000 seeds (192.1 and 179.1 g) was formed in the middle tier of plants when sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm. The Pallada variety showed the maximal indicator in the middle tier of the plant (176.2 g), but when sown at a 30 cm row spacings. In the upper and lower tiers, the mass of 1000 seeds was smaller compared to the middle tier, but also depended on the row spacing. Conclusions. Thus, the formation of individual soybean productivity of the Titan, Pallada and Kobuko varieties significantly depends on the sowing method and row spacing. Based on the correlation analysis, strong feedback relationships were established between the number of beans (r = –0.831), the number of seeds (r = –0.687), the weight of seeds (r = –0.700), the weight of 1000 seeds (r = –0.823) and the row spacings.

Influence of Primary Tillage Systems on Soil Physical Properties in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

M.S. Shevchenko — 2025-07-18

The aim of the study determine the influence of different primary tillage methods on the agrophysical properties of soil under the conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe, followed by the identification of the most effective tillage systems that enhance the growth and development of field crops in the context of increasing climate challenges. Methods: Field and laboratory studies. Results: It was established that the most favorable soil bulk density values were observed under moldboard tillage in spring, ranging from 1.08 to 1.16 g/cm³, which corresponds to the agrophysical optimum. Under the mulching system, this indicator increased to 1.14–1.22 g/cm³, and during the harvest period reached 1.33 g/cm³, indicating undesirable compaction.The highest density–up to 1.37 g/cm³–was recorded under shallow tillage, exceeding acceptable limits by 3.8–3.9%. The mulching tillage system contributed to the formation of the high- est share of agronomically valuable soil fractions (10–0.25 mm) within the 0–30 cm layer: up to 88.1% in solid-seeded crops and 70.5% in row crops, which was 4.4–6.8% higher than under moldboard tillage. At the same time, the lowest content of erosion-prone particles (<0.25 mm) was recorded under moldboard tillage–1.6–3.2%, which was 1.6–2.2% lower com- pared to other systems. Under shallow tillage, the soil structure was the poorest: the proportion of particles <0.25 mm reached 3.8%, and clods >10 mm reached 25.7%, indicating the devel- opment of secondary compaction. The highest total porosity in the 0–30 cm soil layer was provided by moldboard tillage: 55.9% in spring and 53.3% in autumn, exceeding the mulch- ing system by 1.6–1.7% and the shallow system by 2.9–3.5%.Aeration porosity in autumn under moldboard tillage reached 36.1%, exceeding the mulching system by 3.6–4.3% and the shallow system by 6.0–7.1%. The level of plant residue reten- tion on the soil surface strongly depended on the tillage method.Under the moldboard system, the number of conditional stub- ble pieces was only 14.4 pcs/m², which is critically insufficient for soil erosion protection. Shallow tillage increased this num- ber by 8.4 times–to 120.6 pcs/m², while the mulching system ensured the maximum value–207 pcs/m², which exceeded the moldboard variant by 14.4 times. In maize crops under mulch- ing tillage, stubble reached 450 pcs/m², more than 21 times higher than under traditional moldboard tillage. Conclusion: The moldboard primary tillage system in the steppe zone of Ukraine provides the best agrophysical indicators by forming optimal bulk density (1.08–1.16 g/cm³), high total (up to 55.9%) and aeration (up to 36.1%) porosity, as well as the lowest con- tent of erosion-prone particles (<0.25 mm) down to 1.6%. At the same time, the mulching system without plowing promotes the increase in the share of agronomically valuable fractions up to 88.1% and ensures the highest level of post-harvest residue retention (up to 207 pcs/m²), which is a crucial factor in reducing erosion processes.

The effect of fertilisation on soybean seed productivity in the Western Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine

A.M. Shuvar — 2025-07-18

This investigation aims is to determine the impact of fertilisation methods on soybean seed productivity. Materials and methods. The study focused on soybean fertilisation methods, which were examined in a field experiment conducted in 2023-2024. The research was conducted in the fields belonging to the enterprise and the Scientific and Technological Research Group ‘Science’ of the Western Ukrainian National University. The study plot covered an area of 50 m², with three repetitions. Experiment recording and observation were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The obtained data were processed using dispersion analysis with the appropriate software. The Azur soybean variety from the Canadian company Prograin was used in the experiment. This soybean cultivation technology is typical of the Western Forest- Steppe region. Results. The research showed that the tech stuff had an impact on soybean seed yield. On average, over the years of research (2023-2024), the soybean seed yield in the control without fertilisers was 3.01-3.08 t/ha; when using NPK 16-16-16 – 3.33 t/ha in the broadcast variant and 3.44 t/ha with its application during sowing.Fertilisation of soybeans with NPK 12-24-12 yielded 3.69 and 4.03 tonnes of seeds per hectare, respectively, which proved to be the best options in the experiment. When applying complex mineral fertiliser NPK 8-24-24 to the test crop, seed productivity per unit area was 3.40-3.56 t/ha, depending on the method of application. As in the previous options, fertilisers applied during sowing proved to be the best. In the variants of broadcast and sowing fertiliser application, using NPK 9-12-25, the soybean seed yield was 3.53 and 3.72 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, the application of mineral fertilisers during soybean cultivation is an important way to increase its seed productivity. Ithas been established that in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, on chernozem soils with low phosphorus content and average potassium supply, the optimal method of fertilising the studied crop is the application of complex mineral fertiliser NPK 12-24-12 at a rate of 100 kg/ha, which ensures a yield of 4.03 t/ha.

RAPD diagnostics of barley varieties of domestic and foreign selection

I.V. Vereshchahin — 2025-07-18

Purpose. To diagnose barley varieties of domestic and foreign selection based on protein content and isoenzymes by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide RAPD primers, to establish the percentage of possible polymorphism of DNA fragments corresponding to target loci and to establish the relationship of varieties according to the studied traits. Methods. The research material consisted of barley varieties of domestic and foreign selection Acordine, Komandor, Bohun, Agrariy. DNA of the varieties was isolated from shade seedlings by the solid–phase method (DNA fixation on a magnetic sorbent). DNA amplification was carried out with a Bio-Rad C100 amplifier using primers UBC-402 and UBC-475 and subsequent detection in an agarose gel.Results. Assessment of the state of DNA preparations of barley varieties, carried out using gel electrophoresis, indicates the high quality of nucleic acid preparations, which is confirmed by thin bands (stripes). According to the results of polymerase chain reaction, we established the localization of genes associated with the expression of protein content traits and isoenzymes in the studied barley varieties. According to the first primer, the loci of the varieties Accordino and Agrariy have a length of 341 np, Komandor and Bohun – 258 np. According to the second primer, the loci are located in a slightly different way: Accordino, Komandor and Bohun – 258 np, Agrariy – 341 np. The results of our studies revealed that each target locus is complementary to one dekamer primer. Polymorphic fragments are absent at all. Another common feature of the studied barley varieties is the almost identical length of amplified DNA fragments.According to the results of cluster analysis, four separate clusters were formed, indicating the absence of kinship between the studied barley varieties according to the primers used. Conclusions. Our studies confirm the presence of polymorphic fragments of barley DNA according to two RAPD primers, but instead show the presence of loci of target genes responsible for the expression of protein content and isoenzymes. The sequence of fragments of a series of complementary primer complexes: GGGCGGCAAC and GGTCGCATAA. We also believe that it is necessary to conduct studies of the polymorphism of barley varieties using 10–20 RAPD primers, as well as ISSR primers.а

Features of mutation induction in winter wheat of the steppe ecotype

V.V. Didenko — 2025-07-18

Sodium azide belongs to a group of highly effective chemical mutagens, conventionally called “supermuta- gens.” Their feature is the ability to cause a high frequency of induced mutations without significantly reducing plant viability. Purpose. The aim of the work was to determine the features of the induction of the frequency and spectrum of mutational changes in winter wheat plants in the secondand third generations after the action of sodium azide.Methods: Seeds of 2 winter wheat varieties Vezha and Igrista were treated with a solution of the chemical mutagen SA in concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1%. 1000 win- ter wheat grains were used for each treatment. The expo- sure to the mutagen was 18 hours. In generations M2–M3, mutant families were selected by visual assessment, anal- ysis of phenophases, structural analysis, and analysis of grain yield. Results. 4,500 families were studied. The vari- ability was statistically significantly influenced by the factors of increasing concentration and genotype, when comparing the varieties in pairs, they differed significantly. Sparkling was more susceptible than Vezha. Due to the spectrum, there is no difference under the influence of higher concen- trations between the varieties (SA 0.1%). In all other cases, the variants differ from each other and from the control. In the spectrum, a total of 37 changed traits were obtained in 6 groups of variability, it is possible to reliably predict for this mutagen on this material a high number (in comparison) of high-stem and semi-dwarf mutants, early-ripening forms.A negative phenomenon is the high probability and regu- larity of forms with a small spike, sterile, high-stem. The used starting material is more promising in action in com- bination with moderate concentrations of AN 0.025–0.05%, at a concentration of AN 0.1%, regular negative changes occur. The varieties Vezha and Igrista, taking into account the preliminary study of the mutagen, should be recog- nized as an intermediate subject of action for this agent.Findings. SA as an agent of mutational activity induces a fairly high number of different types of mutations, but with a fairly high probability of the appearance of negative traits.High probability of obtaining valuable early-ripening and semi-dwarf forms. High probability of obtaining forms with a spelt-shaped ear, a high stem, late-ripening, sterile, with a club-shaped ear, which are negative traits.

Achievements and prospects for the development of heterosis breeding in winter bread wheat

Yu.M. Dmytrenko — 2025-07-18

Purpose. The article presents current issues in heterosis breeding of winter bread wheat, analyzes the present state of hybrid and parental component implementation in agricultural production, and outlines key scientific and practical prospects for further development of this direction under Ukrainian conditions. Given the growing challenges related to climate change, the need to increase yield and production stability, heterosis breeding is considered a strategically important tool for ensuring food security.Results. It has been established that global achievements in hybrid wheat breeding enable the development of new hybrids with increased productivity potential and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Particular attention is paid to hybrid seed production schemes based on the use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) or gametocidal (chemical) castration, as well as to the organization of the breeding and seed production process. Achievements and future prospects for heterosis breeding on both fertile and CMS-based systems are presented. It has been revealed that the complexity of hybrid seed production remains a major barrier to the widespread adoption of hybrids.In Ukraine, eight hybrids of winter bread wheat have already been registered in the State Register, confirming their recognized practical value. The necessity of developing domestic hybrids is emphasized, as new wheat hybrids are annually registered on the seed market both in Ukraine and globally.Conclusions. Heterosis breeding of winter bread wheat holds significant potential for increasing the efficiency of grain production in Ukraine. The introduction of hybrids allows for more stable and higher yields under conditions of climate change and production intensification. Further development of this field in Ukraine requires the improvement of parental line selection methods, optimization of hybridization technologies, creation of CMS-based analogs of line-varieties (female components), and fertility restorer lines (male components of hybrids), among other needs.Considering the initial successful examples of hybrid registration in the State Register, a gradual increase in their role in the varietal structure of wheat in Ukraine can be expected.

Development of root rots on plants of Chernobyl radiomutants of winter wheat

Yu.A. Dolhalova — 2025-07-18

The purpose of the research is to analyze the develop- ment of root rot in plants of spelta-like Chernobyl radiomu- tants of winter wheat and to isolate resistant forms for fur- ther use in winter wheat breeding. Methods. In 2015–2019, 10 spelta-like winter wheat accessions (RM-1-10) and the standard variety Lisova Pisnia were studied at the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station. The replication was three times. The area of the accounting plot of one sample is 10 m2. The predecessor is pea. The degree of damage to wheat plants by root rot was assessed against a natural infectious background in the developmental phase 37 (according to BBCH). The spread of root rot (P) and the intensity of the disease (Rx) were determined. Results.Under the conditions of natural infectious background in the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it was found that the intensity of root rot development in the studied RM samples averaged 3.3–7.2% in 2016–2019. RM-1, RM-7, RM-2, RM-4, RM-8 and RM-3 were identified with a lower inten- sity of disease development (3.3–4.3%) than the standard Lisova Pisnia – 4.6%. Conclusions. Root rot of winter wheat plants is a permanent component of the agrophy- tocenosis and one of the main causes of yield reduction.Depending on the genotype, pathogen inoculum, abiotic factors and their direct interaction, the rates of spread and development vary. As a result of the study, we have iden- tified resistant RM samples: RM-1; RM-2; RM-4; RM-7; RM-8, which were less vulnerable to root rot damage com- pared to the standard variety Lisova Pisnia. After micro- scopic analysis and identification of pathogens, we found that Fusarium spp. and Rhyzoctonia spp. root rot prevailed during the years of observation, with the frequency of their pathogens occurrence being 77.3 and 25.0%, respectively.

Features of determining the technological indicators of grain in hybrids of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt.)

D.S. Kuprichenkov — 2025-07-18

Purpose. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of the duration of the period from harvesting to popping on the technological indicators of popcorn grain.Methods. The experiment was conducted in the labora- tory of breeding corn of mid-ripening and mid-late hybrids of SE Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The material for the research was 14 experimental trilinear popcorn hybrids of our own selection. Technological indicators of grain were studied according to the method developed at the SE Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS in 2023. The Clatronic PM 3635 was used for popping at 5, 25, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after harvest. The popping expansion, percentage of unpopped kernels and number of popcorn flakes were determined separately for each hybrid for each type of popping.Results. Popping expansion (PE) varied from 25.5 cm3/g to 47.5 cm3/g, and the mean values o f the trait varied from 34.0 cm3/g on day 5 after harvest to 39.6 cm3/g on day 60. In 50% of the hybrids, the highest PE was observed on the 60th day after harvesting. In general, 93% of popcorn hybrids showed an increase in PE from day 5 to day 60, and after day 60 it remained unchanged in 29% of hybrids, increased in 42% of hybrids, and decreased in 29% of hybrids. The percentage of unpopped kernels in popcorn hybrids varied from 0% to 10.6%, and the average values of this indicator varied from 2.51% to 3.14%. In 60% of the hybrids, the percentage of unpopped kernels did not exceed 5% throughout the study period, which corresponds to the assessment of “excellent”. The length of the period from harvest to popping also affected the type of popcorn.On day 5, none of the hybrids had a “predominant type of popcorn,” i.e., a type that had ≥ 75% in 2 replicates. At 90 days after harvest, 6 hybrids had “predominant type of popcorn.” Analyzing the composition of popcorn at 5, 60, and 90 days after harvest, it was found that the average percent- age of “bilateral popcorn flakes” was 20%, 63%, and 69%; “multilateral popcorn flakes” – 30%, 14%, 11%; “unilateral popcorn flakes” – 27%, 18%, 18%, and “mushroom-shaped popcorn” – 24%, 5%, 3%, respectively. The time of popping had a strong positive relationship with the popping expan- sion and the bilateral popcorn flakes and a strong negative relationship with the multilateral popcorn flakes, unilateral popcorn flakes and mushroom-shaped popcorn types.Conclusions. It was established that the duration of the period from popcorn harvesting to popping affects the tech- nological indicators of grain. With increasing time, the pop- ping expansion increases and the percentage of unpopped kernels decreases. It has been proven that popping should be carried out no earlier than 60 days after harvesting. It was found that with the increase in the popping expansion, the percentage of bilateral popcorn flakes increases, while the percentage of other popcorn flakes decreases. It was shown that on the 90th day only 48% of hybrids formed the predominant type of popcorn. It was established that, according to the results of the study of technological indi- cators, the following hybrids are suitable for commercial use 90 days after harvesting: (Cyclone × RS 19) – popping expansion – 47.0 cm3/g; popping – 100%; type of popcorn – "bilateral popcorn flakes" and (Cyclone × RK 25) – popping expansion – 47.5 cm3/g; popping – 100%; type of popcorn – "bilateral popcorn flakes".

Formation of economic valuable indicators in Satureja Hortensis L. depending on growing agrotechnical methods in the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe

A.V. Svуdenko — 2025-07-18

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of growth and development, the formation of economically valuable traits of Satureja hortensis L. depending on the timing of sowing and moisture conditions in the Central Forest-Steppe. Methods. The research was conducted in 2024 in the conditions of the Central Forest- Steppe. The soil of the area where the research was conducted is typical black soil. The material for the research was a sample of Satureja hortensis L. No. 6-23. The seeds of this sample were sown in two rows with a row spacing of 50 cm. The first sowing period was carried out in the third decade of April. A decade later, the second sowing period was carried out. Crop irrigation was carried out in three variants, which included intensive drip irrigation, moderate drip irrigation and natural moistening. Phenological observations and biometric measurements were carried out for the crops. Every two weeks, the height and diameter of the plants were measured, the mass of the above-ground part of the plants was determined. The mass fraction of essential oil in the plant raw materials was determined bythe Ginsberg method on the Clevenger apparatus. Results.The duration of the development phases of Satureja hortensis L. plants differed depending on the sowing dates.The tillering phase occurred for plants of the second sowing date three days later than for the first sowing date. The beginning of the budding phase was observed 44 days after the beginning of the tillering phase for plants from the first sowing date and 32 days later for plants from the second sowing date. The duration of the interphase period from budding to the beginning of flowering for plants from the first sowing date was 13 days, and for plants from the second sowing date it was 5 days shorter. Flowering of plants from the second sowing date also occurred in a shorter period. In the process of plant development, a gradual increase in the height and diameter of plants was noted.At the mass flowering phase, plants from the first sowing date were 45 to 57 cm high, with a diameter of 40 to 52 cm. At the same time, the above-ground mass indicators ranged from 62 to 121.7 g per plant. During the second sowing period at the mass flowering phase, the plants had a height ranging from 45 to 47 cm, with a diameter of 37 to 45 cm. The above-ground mass indicators ranged from 61 to 89 g per plant. The highest indicators of height, diameter and mass of the above-ground part were recorded for variant with intensive irrigation during the first sowing period, and the lowest ones were recorded for the natural moistening variant of the second sowing period. During the growing season, the content of essential oil in the vegetable raw materials of Satureja hortensis L. gradually increased in all variants of the experiment. The mass fraction of essential oil at the mass flowering phase varied from 0.14 to 0.67%.The highest mass fraction of essential oil was observed for plants in variant with the first sowing period and with natural humidification. And the yield of essential oil from one plant was maximum for variant with the first sowing date and with moderate drip irrigation (0.55 g). Conclusions. Thus, in the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe, Satureja hortensis L. plants from the first sowing period and with intensive drip irrigation have the highest height and diameter indicators and form the highest yield of above-ground mass. The maximum indicators of the mass fraction of essential oil were recorded in plants from the first sowing period with natural moisture. However, the yield of essential oil from one plant, that is, plant productivity, was maximum in variant with the first sowing period with moderate drip irrigation.

Possibilities of new growth regulators in improving the ontogenesis of spring wheat

O.O. Tretiak — 2025-07-18

Modern conditions of agriculture are characterized by a constant increase in the need for effective plant growth regulators, which are able not only to increase yield, but also to ensure the adaptability of crops to changing climatic conditions. Triazole derivatives – heterocyclic compounds, which have significant potential in the field of optimization of agricultural technologies, attract particular attention.Purpose. The goal was to determine the most effective concentrations and stimulants that significantly affect the increase in germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds of promising wheat varieties Meisa and Ksanthiia.Methods: For spring wheat varieties Meisa and Ksanthiy, an analysis was conducted to determine the characteris- tics of germination energy (4 days) and laboratory ger- mination (7 days) for treatment with an aqueous solution of promising growth regulators CAS-64 (potassium [1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-thiol), CAS-79 (potassium tetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5-thiol) and CAS-67 (5-(2-ami- nophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiolate). Distilled water was used as the control. Working solutions were used in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.04%. Germination was carried out in rolls of filter paper. Results. The effect of CAS-64 and CAS-79 on germination energy and labo- ratory germination of wheat varieties Meisa and Ksanthiy is characterized by certain patterns that depend mainly on the concentration of substances, and not on the genotype of plants. According to the results of the action analysis, the maximum indicators for both varieties were recorded at a concentration of 0.02%. Further increase in concen- tration to 0.04% caused a significant decrease in germi- nation energy and laboratory germination (which indicates the toxic effect of this concentration. The difference in the effect of CAS-79 and CAS-64 was significant only for the variety Ksanthiy (F=3.98; F0.05=3.49; P=0.05). Under the action of CAS-67, the maximum positive effect for germi- nation energy was achieved at a concentration of 0.01%, while already at 0.02% the effect was lower than the con- trol. Discriminant analysis confirmed the closeness of the effects of CAS-64 and CAS-79 on seeds, grouping these compounds together and confirming the absence of sig- nificant differences between them. The compound CAS- 67 is isolated separately due to its significantly weakerstimulating and clearly negative effect at increasing con- centrations. According to the results of the study on pho- tosynthetic activity, the stimulating effect on plants was again significantly The substances CAS-64 and CAS-79 were isolated at a concentration of 0.02%. Findings.Thus, the most promising for stimulating the germination of wheat seeds of the varieties Meisa and Ksanthi are the compounds CAS-64 and CAS-79 at a concentration of 0.02%. The use of higher concentrations (0.04%) of all the studied substances is toxic and inappropriate. The drug CAS-67 has limited potential for use as a stimulant, and at high concentrations it exhibits significant toxicity.

Strategic Management of Competitiveness and Resilience in the Crop Production Sector Based on Innovation, Sustainability, and Circular Economy Principles

N.О. Yefremova — 2025-07-18

Purpose. The aim is to justify strategic approaches to managing the development of Ukraine's crop production sector, taking into account the principles of sustainable development, innovation, and circular economy, in order to enhance its competitiveness and resilience in the face of global and national challenges. Methods. The study applies SWOT analysis, structural-logical analysis, com- parative analysis, and generalization. Elements of strate- gic planning are used to identify the sector's potential and threats to its development, and the impact of the external environment is assessed. Results. The article explores strategic approaches to managing the competitiveness and resilience of Ukraine’s crop production sector in the context of current global challenges. Special attention is paid to the impact of climate change, energy instability, armed conflict, logistical constraints, and globalization on the functioning of the agricultural sector. The necessity of rethinking existing management models and transitioning to integrated sus- tainable development strategies is substantiated. These strategies are based on innovation, ecological safety, resource efficiency, and circular economy principles. A comprehensive SWOT analysis of Ukraine's crop produc- tion sector was conducted, identifying the sector’s internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportuni- ties and threats, particularly in the context of post-war eco- nomic recovery. A set of strategic directions for modernizing management processes is proposed, including the imple- mentation of digital technologies, the p romotion of produc- tion ecologization, increased technological innovation, and product diversification. Conclusions. Effective strategic management of Ukraine’s crop production sector should be based on innovation, sustainable development, and cir- cular economy principles. This approach offers prospects not only for economic growth but also for strengthening Ukraine’s position in the global agricultural market.

Legal foundations for the implementation of artificial intelligence in accounting and management of the agricultural Sector

R.A. Vozhehova — 2025-07-18

The purpose of this study is to substantiate the conceptual foundations of regulatory and legal frameworks for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the management system of Ukraine’s agricultural sector, taking into account international experience. The research also aims to identify key barriers, gaps, and prospects for adapting the Ukrainian legal framework to the current challenges of digital transformation in agribusiness. Methods. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach that integrates elements of legal analysis, comparative law, institutional economics, and management sciences. The method of systems analysis is used to identify interconnections between components of AI regulation and the structure of agricultural governance. Comparative legal analysis is applied to examine legislative initiatives in the USA, EU (particularly the EU AI Act), and Ukraine. Content analysis is used to study scientific publications, strategic documents, and government policies. Inductive and deductive methods are employed to formulate conclusions regarding national regulatory features.Expert evaluation is used to classify key barriers and risks within the regulatory environment. Results. The research systematizes the main challenges of regulatory support for AI implementation in agricultural management in Ukraine. It reveals fragmented legislation, the absence of specialized norms regarding liability for algorithmic decisions, a lack of standardized agricultural data, limited digital capacity among small enterprises, and weak integration of ethical principles.Based on international experience, the study proposes directions for harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with the EU AI Act, developing sectoral codes of ethics, establishing certification mechanisms for AI systems, and promoting digital inclusion.Conclusions. AI regulation in the agricultural sector should evolve from a restrictive mechanism into a tool for stimulating innovation, enhancing management efficiency, and ensuring sustainable development. The institutional architecture currently emerging in Ukraine lays the groundwork for integrating international standards but requires further systemic adaptation to the conditions of the digital economy and the specific needs of agricultural production.