EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF CARBAMIDE-AMMONIA MIXTURE IN SUGAR SORGHUM AGROCENOSES

Abstract

Given the arid climate of the southern Steppe of Ukraine and temperature fluctuations over the years, an important way to increase arable land productivity is to grow drought-resistant crops and improve technological methods aimed at creating highly productive agrocenoses. In such regions, sugar sorghum, due to its high drought tolerance, low soil requirements, good sensitivity to irrigation and high yields, can be grown both as a fodder crop and for technical use. Currently, the best breeding samples of this crop contain up to 20% and sometimes more sugars in the cell sap of the stems. The aim of the study is to substantiate the productivity of sorghum fodder mass and the yield of sugars per unit area depending on the timing of nitrogen fertilization on irrigated and non-irrigated lands. Methods.The field method, laboratory and mathematical and statistical methods were used in the course of the research.Results. As a result of the studies, it was found that the highest productivity of green fodder for silage was provided by the hybrid Dovista, In irrigated conditions, the yield of feed units was 18.5 t/ha, and in non-irrigated conditions – 11.6 t/ha when fertilizing with UAN at a dose of N40 in the phase of 4–5 leaves. Irrigation provided an increase in the sugar content in the stems of the plant to 15.6% in the Dovista hybrid, and 12.8% in the Silo 42 variety under natural moisture. The hybrid Dovista on the irrigated area was the most productive, both in terms of fodder productivity and sugar collection per unit area. Conclusions. The Dovista hybrid was the most sensitive to irrigation and provided the highest sugar content of 12.6–15.6%. Under these conditions, the Silosny 42 variety was inferior in sugar content by 11.6–14.4%, with a stalk yield of up to 46.8 t/ha and a sugar yield of 3.9–6.7 t/ha. Thus, the Dovista hybrid on an irrigated plot provided the maximum stalk yield of up to 63.9 t/ha anda sugar yield of 10 t per hectare. The hybrid Dovista on the irrigated area was the most productive both in terms of fodder productivity and sugar collection per unit area.