WEEDINESS AND ENTOMO-PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF SUGAR BEET CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT METHODS OF MAIN SOIL CULTIVATION IN CROP ROTATION

Abstract

Purpose. Study of weed infestation and entomo-phytopathological condition of sugar beet crops under different methods of main soil cultivation. Methods. The study of the impact of different methods of basic soil cultivation on weediness and entomo-phytopathological condition of sugar beet crops was conducted at the Veselopodilskaya DSS of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS of Ukraine during 2022-2024. The study was conducted with the Bulava sugar beet hybrid, which is recommended for the corresponding growing zone. Records, observations and analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods developed by scientists of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS of Ukraine (Kyiv).Results. In the grain-till crop rotation, the weed infestation of crops in the phase of the developed «fork» of beet plants was the lowest in the variant with tiered plowing – 31 pcs./m2. In the grain-steam-till crop rotation, where plowing to a depth of 30-32 cm was compared with the methods of flat-cutting and surface cultivation, it was found that it is the most effective in controlling weeds. Over all the years of research, the mass of 100 shoots of sugar beet turned out to be the largest in both crop rotations in variants with plowing to a depth of 30-32 cm and amounted, on average, to 41.8 g (grain-till crop rotation) and 43.2 g (grain-steam-till crop rotation). On these same variants, the lowest spread of rootworm (10.8% and 14%, respectively) and the lowest intensity of damage to sugar beet seedlings by this disease were observed every year (2.9% and 2.8%, respectively).As for the spread of diseases of the leaf apparatus and the intensity of damage to sugar beet plants by them against the background of different methods of basic soil cultivation, here too the best situation was in areas where conventional plowing was used at 30-32 cm.Findings. According to the main indicators of phytopathological and entomological observations, a certain influence of soil cultivation methods on them was revealed.However, the damage to sugar beets by leaf diseases in both grain-rowed and grain-steamed crop rotations was less in the plowing option to a depth of 30-32 cm. Considering the level of weed infestation of sugar beet crops in the initial phases of growth and development of their plants, flat-cut and surface tillage methods cannot be considered technological. The best results in reducing the number of weeds at the beginning of the sugar beet growing season were shown by: in the grain-rowed crop rotation – row plowing to a depth of 40 cm, and in the grain-steamed crop rotation – conventional plowing to a depth of 30-32 cm.