PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS UNDER THE ACTION OF PHYTOREGULATORS AND MICROFERTILIZERS IN THE HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

Purpose. Identification of the effect of phytoregulators and microfertilizers in conditions of atmospheric and soil drought in the agro-ecosystems of the northern steppe of Ukraine on quality indicators of sunflower seeds, which affect the yield of finished products (oil).Methods. Conducting field and laboratory experiments and processing literary sources to establish the parameters of influence on the formation of high fitness of the grown crop for the establishment of objectivity, evidence and reproduction.Results. Data on three-year research on the effect of phytoregulator options and microfertilizers on seed quality criteria and productivity of the Epicurus sunflower hybrid in the hydrothermal conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are given. Among the 7 preparations tested in the experiment, the best effective action was observed with the treatment of the complex natural anti-stress organo-mineral fertilizer Wincrops Antistress at a rate of 1.0 l/ha, which (in the absence of toxicity) provided betteroptimization of water resource absorption and utilization, and nutrient assimilation under extremely high temperatures, resulting in quantitative (yield increase by 0.27 t/ha) and qualitative yield indicators (reduction of huskiness and unfilled grains by 6.3 % and 0.58 %, respectively). Presowing seed treatment with the bioregulator Treptolem, at a rate of 20 ml/tonne, which in its composition combines a high content of both natural and synthetically created substances, thanks to the presence of phytohormones and other components (amino and polyunsaturated acids), regulates physiological processes. This regulation results in an increase in the formation of high-quality seeds (a decrease in seed emptiness by 6.1 %, the amount of husk by 0.48 %, and a yield increase of 0.21 t/ha).Conclusions. Meteorological factors affected not only the productivity of the Epicurus hybrid (a significant yield increase (0.04-0.27 t/ha) was detected for 2022-2024, which was formed due to the treatment with restregulators and microfertilizers in the sunflower agrocenosis), but also the indicators of seed quality (the amount of huskiness, the number of empty seeds) under the influence the main agrometeorological factors of the environment.