GLOBAL AND UKRAINIAN ONION PRODUCTION: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the current state of onion production in Ukraine and worldwide, identify key trends, challenges, and development prospects of the industry in the context of modern economic and market challenges.Particular attention is paid to assessing production dynamics, the impact of agrotechnical and economic factors on crop yield, as well as studying export-import operations and their influence on Ukraine’s domestic market.The study employs a comprehensive approach, including statistical analysis, economic methods, and agrotechnical research. To assess production trends, methods such as calculating average annual growth rates, analyzing variations in cultivated areas and yields, and correlation-regression analysis were used. The analysis of export-import operations was conducted using competitiveness coefficient calculations and price policy assessment. Field experiments enabled the examination of the impact of cultivation technologies, fertilization systems, and irrigation on crop productivity.The dynamics of changes in sown areas, yields, exports, and imports of onions are analyzed based on FAOSTAT data and other analytical sources. The leading producing countries, including China, India, the USA, Egypt, and Turkey, are identified and their contribution to global production is characterized. The position of Ukraine in the global market is separately considered, analyzing its production indicators and the specific challenges faced by the industry in economic and climatic conditions. The research revealed that Ukraine has significant potential in onion production; however, the industry faces several challenges. The main issues include market instability, yield fluctuations, technological backwardness of many farms, and dependence onclimatic conditions. At the same time, the implementation of modern cultivation technologies, efficient use of irrigation and fertilizers, and the development of logistics chains can significantly enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian products.Onion production in Ukraine has considerable development potential, but its realization requires comprehensive measures aimed at improving cultivation technologies, enhancing product quality, and expanding export opportunities. Government support, innovative cultivation approaches, and market stabilization can become key factors in strengthening the positions of Ukrainian producers in the international market. The obtained results can be used to develop industry development strategies and improve its productivity.