FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT IN THE NORTHERN SUBZONE OF THE STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Determining the variability of quantitative traits and the pattern of inheritance of quantitative traits of parental forms and F1 hybrids is one of the crucial steps to successful breeding. Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the main environmental aggregates as a background for selection for productivity traits and comparison of first generation (F1) hybrids and parental forms, to establish variability and phenotypic dominance of morphometric and economically valuable traits of winter bread wheat varieties and hybrids in the northern subzone of the Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The first generation (F1) hybrids and parental forms were analysed for morphometric and economically valuable traits such as length of vegetation period, spike length, number of spikelets, grains in spike, spike weight, weight of grain per spike, weight of thousand grains and determination of variability of these parameters, and determination of inheritance of yield and structural elementsin first generation winter bread wheat hybrids by the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp). Results. The results of the study revealed different variability of productivity traits in parental forms and hybrids of the first generation, the best parental forms and F1 hybrids were identified, different inheritance patterns in F1 hybrids were also established, and the best combinations with the type of inheritance of positive superdominance and positive dominance were identified, which may be of breeding and practical value. Findings.The first-generation hybrids showed an increase in almost all indicators by 2.37–15.82% compared to the parental forms, the best combinations were Palitra× Oleksiivka, Palitra×KSW 34, Bohynia×KSW 34, Bohynia×KSW 34 and Boginya×Oleksiivka and were distinguished by their productivity, with stable manifestation of positive dominance and superdominance, and the most common type of inheritance was positive superdominance (heterosis), which is found in all indicators of the yield structure.
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