Formation of grain quality indicators in spelt-like Chernobyl radiomutants of winter wheat

Abstract

The purpose. Determination of the falling number, protein and starch content in spelt-like Chernobyl radiomutants of winter wheat. Materials and methods. Winter wheat, represented by 10 spelt-like radiomutants (RM-1–10), obtained as a result of chronic irradiation of crops in 1986 and self-sowing in 1987 in the 20-kilometer exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP, was studied under the conditions of a 10-field scientific crop rotation of the Bila Tserkva Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS. The experimental plots of each of the ten radiomutants of winter wheat had a registration area of 10 m² and were placed in three replications. Peas were previously grown in the field. Seed sowing was carried out with a SN-10C seeder at the optimal time for the crop. The Lisova Pisnіa variety was used as a standard. The number of falling and the content of protein in the grain are class-forming indicators for wheat according to DSTU 3768:2019. The falling number, also called the Hagberg number or the Hagberg-Perten number, is also enshrined in international standards: ICC 107/1, ISO 3093-2009, AACC 56-81B, was determined using the FN 1000 device, and the protein and starch content was determined using infrared spectroscopy (FOOS Infratec 1241 Grain Analyzer). Results. Significant variability in the number of falls in 2016–2018 was determined in RM-7, RM-5, RM-6, RM-10, RM-9 – V = 55.2–23.6%, with insignificant variability in the standard Lisova Pisnіa (V = 3.3%) and RM-8 (V = 5.9%) and average variability in other RM-samples – 13.3–17.3%. In 2016–2019, the average variability in protein content was established in RM-1, RM‑3, RM-2, RM-4, RM-6 – V = 15.4–10.2%, and insignificant variability in other radiomutants (V = 6.6–9.4%) and the standard (V = 8.7%). Insignificant coefficients of variation (V = 1.9–6.8%) were studied for the content of starch in the grain. Conclusions. The selected spelt-like samples RM-7, RM-5, RM-10, which, on average for 2016–2018, determined the falling number of 239 sec., 266 sec. and 287 sec., respectively. A significant excess over the standard Lisova pisnіa (15.6%), on average for 2016–2019, the protein content was established – RM-9 (16.3%), RM-2, RM-4 (16.1%) and RM-1 – 16.0%, and the starch content – RM-6 (67.3%). The selected spelt-like RM-samples of winter wheat were involved in the breeding programs of the Bila Tserkva Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS.