INFLUENCE OF THE FERTILIZATION SYSTEM OF WINTER RAPESEED HYBRIDS ON THE QUALITY OF OIL OBTAINED FROM SEEDS IN TERMS OF ITS SUITABILITY FOR BIOFUEL USE
Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of an optimized fertilization system for rapeseed hybrids in forming quality indicators of oil from seeds of cultivated hybrids, taking into account the criteria of its use as a biofuel.
Methods. The research was conducted during 2022–2025 on the basis of LLC “VIN-AGRO GROUP” on gray forest soils with medium fertility potential. The experiment was replicated four times. The treatments were arranged systematically in two tiers. Two winter rapeseed hybrids were studied: mid-season ‘Absolut’ and medium- early ‘Dominador’. The research program included two variants of the main fertilization block: a basic and an improved one, which differed in the combination of active substance forms (amide form in the basic variant and amide, nitrate, and ammonium forms with sulfur application in the improved variant), their distribution in terms of autumn and spring application rates during the growing season of winter rapeseed, the use of growth regulators (Caramba Turbo + Bucat), and foliar feeding options at the stages of stem elongation and flowering using microfertilizers Rosalique (B) and Rosasol 18-18-18 in combination with an adjuvant. Water-treated variants served as the control for growth regulator and foliar feeding treatments. The program of observations and measurements used widely tested methodologies modified for cruciferous crops.
Results. The influence of the studied factors on the fatty acid profile of seeds in both hybrids was established. When comparing the extreme technological variants of the experiment – an improved fertilization block combined with growth regulation and two foliar feedings versus a basic fertilization block without growth regulation and foliar applications – for the ‘Dominador’ hybrid an increase in the absolute content of fatty acids was identified: palmitic acid (C16:0) by 0.125%, stearic acid (C18:0) by 0.051%, oleic acid (C18:0) by 1.311%, arachidic acid (C20:0) by 0.045%, and eicosenoic acid (C20:1) by 0.124%, along with a decrease in palmitoleic acid (C16:1) by 0.05%, linoleic acid (C18:2) by 0.61%, and linolenic acid (C18:3) by 1.0%. For the ‘Absolut’ hybrid, an increase was observed in stearic acid (C18:0) by 0.066%, oleic acid (C18:0) by 1.900%, arachidic acid (C20:0) by 0.083%, and eicosenoic acid (C20:1) by 0.021%, while decreases were recorded for palmitic acid (C16:0) by 0.154%, palmitoleic acid (C16:1) by 0.063%, linoleic acid (C18:2) by 0.44%, and linolenic acid (C18:3) by 1.43%. When comparing variants with growth regulation and two foliar feedings on the background of the improved fertilization block to the basic fertilization block without these treatments, the following changes were observed in both hybrids: an increase in the share of saturated fatty acids by 0.37%, monounsaturated fatty acids by 2.0%, and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids by 2.4%, along with increases in the relative values of indices: linoleic acid desaturation coefficient by 9.3%, polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio by 12.7%, and overall desaturation by 9.6%. This additionally ensured, depending on the hybrid, an increase in biodiesel quality parameters derived from oil: cetane number by 0.761–0.803 units, a decrease in kinematic viscosity by 0.033–0.045 mm²/s, and an increase in calorific value by 0.126–0.132 MJ/kg.
Conclusions. An improvement in the quality of rapeseed oil as a potential biofuel feedstock was identified under the maximum combination of optimized winter rapeseed cultivation technologies (improved fertilization system combined with growth regulation and two foliar feedings).
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