ДИНАМІКА ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ У ГІБРИДІВ КУКУРУДЗИ РІЗНИХ ГРУП ФАО ЗА БЕЗЗМІННИХ ПОСІВІВ ТА СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ ВІД СЕГЕТАЛЬНОЇ РОСЛИННОСТІ

A.O. Donets; T.Yu. Marchenko; S.V. Mishchenko; Yu.O. Lavrynenko; A.V. Grafov; O.O. Piliarska

doi:10.32848/agrar.innov.2026.37.7

A.O. Donets Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0338-5302
T.Yu. Marchenko Odesa State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Odesa State Agrarian University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-3443
S.V. Mishchenko Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Institute of Bast Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-4002
Yu.O. Lavrynenko Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-8793
A.V. Grafov Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-3676
O.O. Piliarska Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-0618

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32848/agrar.innov.2026.37.7

Keywords: corn, photosynthesis, segetals, hybrids, herbicides, plant protection, yield

Abstract

Purpose. To establish the photosynthetic potential of corn hybrids of different FAO groups and their relationship with grain yield under different protection systems against segetal vegetation in constant five-year crops. Methods. Field studies were conducted at the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the agroecological zone of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine (2021–2025, 46°38′24″ N lat. 32°36′52″ E long.). The studies used innovative hybrids of Ukrainian selection (FAO 190-430), which are listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. The studies were conducted under drip surface irrigation with a pre-irrigation soil moisture level in the 0–50 cm layer of 75% RH. To protect plants from segetals, the herbicides Frontier® Optima and MaisTer® Power were used. Results. In the fifth year of continuous corn cultivation without the use of herbicides, the Leaf Area Index (LAI), on average across hybrids, decreased from 4.38 to 3.76. The late-ripening hybrids Tronka and Arabat (FAO 380 and FAO 430) responded most to weed infestation. Their leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 0.68 and 0.89, respectively, in the fifth year of continuous cropping, indicating a strong negative impact of segetal plants on this indicator. The early-ripening hybrids Stepovy and Khotyn responded less to weed infestation due to the shorter duration of the growing season, which reduced the period of regeneration and vegetation of soil reserves of segetals. The smallest difference in the Leaf Area Index in corn hybrids in the first and fifth year of constant crops was observed when using the combined action of soil and insurance herbicides (Frontier + Meister® Power), which indicates a minimal impact on the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of segetal plants under such a protection system. The grain yield of Arabat (FAO 430) and Stepovy (FAO 190) hybrids increases with increasing leaf index (r = 0.732 and 0.896) with systematic protection from segetal vegetation, and without protection – the correlation in these hybrids becomes inverse (r = -0.512 and -0.781). The change in the direction of correlations indicates that segetal vegetation is not only a competitor for nutrients, but also significantly reduces the intensity of photosynthesis in the lower tiers of the leaf surface of corn hybrid plants shaded by weeds. Conclusions. To reveal the genotypic productivity potential of corn hybrids of different FAO groups during long-term continuous crops, it is important to minimize the impact of segetal vegetation on the formation and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants through the complex use of soil and post-emergence herbicides. The area of the active assimilation leaf apparatus and the duration of its functioning are a direct factor in the photosynthetic activity of corn hybrids and grain productivity. Integrated protection of corn crops with the use of soil and post-emergence herbicides allowed to ensure a sufficiently high constancy of the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of hybrids of different FAO groups during the five-year period of continuous crops.

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DYNAMICS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC POTENTIAL IN CORN HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT FAO GROUPS UNDER CONSTANT CROPPING AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS AGAINST SEGETAL VEGETATION

Abstract

References