THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF PHYTOPHAGES, PHYTOPATHOGENS AND WEEDS IN PHYTOCENOSES
Abstract
The aim of this study is to summarise current approaches to assessing the role of phytophages, phytopathogens and weeds in the functioning of plant communities, to substantiate their ecological interrelationships, to assess the impact of climate change on the transformation of phytosanitary complexes, and to identify prospects for the application of digital, geoinformation and molecular-genetic technologies for monitoring and forecasting the phytosanitary status of plant communities. An ecosystem-based approach to assessing the role of harmful organisms has been theoretically substantiated. Their trophic, competitive, allelopathic and infectious interactions have been analysed, as well as the influence of key climatic factors on the transformation of phytosanitary complexes. Current research technologies have been summarised: remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, geographic information systems (GIS), molecular-genetic methods, artificial intelligence, computer vision, sensor networks and digital decision-support platforms. It has been established that herbivores, plant pathogens and weeds form a unified system of biotic interactions which determines the structure, productivity, biodiversity and ecological stability of plant communities. It has been shown that weeds are not only competitors to cultivated plants, but also alternative hosts and reservoirs for many pests and pathogens. It has been demonstrated that climate change contributes to the expansion of the ranges of harmful organisms, an increase in the number of phytophagous insect generations, the development of phytopathogens, the spread of thermophilic and invasive weeds, and an increase in phytosanitary risks. The feasibility of integrating digital technologies, remote monitoring, geoinformation analysis, molecular diagnostics and precision farming systems for high-precision monitoring and forecasting of the development of harmful organisms has been substantiated. The importance of modern innovative technologies for the development of adaptive integrated plant protection systems has been identified.
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