FEATURES OF THE USE OF MYCORRHIZAL, BACTERIAL AND GROWTH-REGULATING DRUGS ON SUNFLOWER CROPS

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the features of the use of mycorrhizal, bacterial and growth-regulating drugs on sunflower crops. The research methods were implemented according to a three-factor scheme of a field experiment, where factor A provided for pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the drug Mycofriend at a rate of 6.0 kg/t, factor B – application of the drug Groundfix at rates of 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0 l/ha during soil cultivation, and factor C – application of the growth regulator CALMA ADAMA at a rate of 0.6 l/ha in the 8-leaf phase (ВВСН 18) and again in the “star” phase (ВВСН 55). As a result, a study was presented on the feasibility of the integrated use of the mycorrhizal drug Mycofriend, the bacterial drug Groundfix and the growth regulator CALMA ADAMA in the technology of growing sunflower in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. As a result of the research, it was found that pre-sowing seed treatment with the drug Mycofriend contributed to the activation of the growth and development of the plant root system, improved the use of hard-to-reach forms of phosphorus and increased the efficiency of soil moisture use. It was found that the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis had a positive effect on the processes of plant adaptation in conditions of moisture deficiency and high temperatures. It was proven that the use of the bacterial drug Groundfix activated the microbiological activity of the soil, promoted the mobilization of nutrients and improved the conditions of mineral nutrition of sunflower plants. The highest efficiency was provided by the application rates of 6.0–8.0 l/ha, at which an increase in the intensity of growth processes and the formation of higher productivity of agricultural crops were observed. It was found that the use of the growth regulator CALMA ADAMA in the 8-leaf phase and again in the "star" phase contributed to an increase in the intensity of photosynthesis, increased anti-stress resistance of plants and improved the processes of formation of generative organs. It was proven that the double application of the drug ensured a more stable functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants under adverse weather conditions. It was concluded that the most effective element of the sunflower cultivation technology is the integrated use of the mycorrhizal drug Mycofriend, the bacterial drug Groundfix and the growth regulator KALMA ADAMA. Their combination provided a synergistic effect on the soil-plant system, contributed to the optimization of physiological and biochemical processes, increased efficiency of nutrient and moisture use, increased plant resistance to stress factors and the formation of higher yields. Conclusions For the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is recommended to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the drug Mycofriend at a rate of 6.0 kg/t, apply the bacterial drug Groundfix at a rate of 6.0–8.0 l/ha during soil cultivation and apply the growth regulator CALMA ADAMA at a rate of 0.6 l/ha in the 8-leaf phase with repeated application in the “star” phase under the influence of stress factors. The practical implementation of the proposed elements of the technology will contribute to increasing the efficiency of sunflower cultivation, preserving soil fertility, improving the ecological state of agrocenoses and ensuring the stability of agricultural production in conditions of climate change.