ROOT SYSTEM DISEASES OF WINTER-SOWN PEAS AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROTECTION MEASURES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINESTEPANOVA

Abstract

The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of modern methods of pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds using systemic fungicidal agents and biological preparations based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis in reducing the development of root system diseases, improving the phytosanitary condition of crops and increasing crop yields in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, taking into account the requirements of integrated plant protection and ecological safety of agrocenoses. Methods. A field small-plot experiment was established in the field crop rotation conditions of LLC "SILIKAT-1" of Cherkasy region. The repeatability of the experiment was fourfold, the placement of variants was continuous. The total area of the plot was 200 m², the accounting area was 100 m². Research results. integrated use of chemical and biological pesticides is the most effective way to increase productivity, economic efficiency and sustainability of winter pea crops in the Forest- Steppe zone of Ukraine. Seed treatment contributed to an increase in the number of beans per plant, the number of seeds in the bean and its weight. The highest indicators were obtained with the combined use of Maxim XL and Trichodermin, which led to an increase in the weight of 1000 seeds and total yield. In the variants with combined treatment (Maxim XL + Trichodermin), the average number of beans per plant reached 4.2 pcs., the number of seeds per bean – 3.8 pcs., the mass of seeds per bean – 3.05 g, and the mass of 1000 seeds – 215 g. It was found that the number of nodules on the roots in the phase of 3 pairs of leaves remained stable in all variants (20.5–21.2 pcs.), which indicates the absence of an inhibitory effect of the fungicide on nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Seed treatment with Maxim XL effectively reduced plant damage by fusarium root rot: in the phase of 2–3 pairs of leaves, the damage in the control was 8.4%, in the variant with Maxim XL – 1.5%, and in the combined treatment – 0.9%. In the flowering phase, the biological efficiency of the insecticide decreased to 26.1%, and in the combined treatment – to 27.8%, which demonstrates a high protective effect in the early stages of plant growth and development. Pea yield also increased depending on seed treatment. In the control, it was 2.42 t/ha, in the Maxim XL treatment – 2.61 t/ha (+0.19 t/ha, or 7.8%), and in the combined treatment of Maxim XL + Trichodermin – 2.78 t/ha (+0.36 t/ha, or 14.9%). showed a positive effect, but less pronounced compared to the combination of chemical and biological agents (+0.13–0.18 t/ha, or 5.5–7.5%). These indicators indicate better productivity and potential yield increase compared to the control and the option with only chemical treatment. Conclusions. it was found that pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with the fungicidal drug Maxim XL and combined use with the biological drug Trichodermin significantly increases field germination of seeds, seedling density and plant health in the early growth phases. The use of fungicidal and biological treatment reduces plant damage by Fusarium root rot. The maximum effect was observed in the combined version, where the damage decreased almost 10 times compared to the control. Integrated use of chemical and biological treatments is the most effective way to increase productivity, economic efficiency and stability of winter pea crops in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Seed treatment contributed to an increase in the number of beans per plant, the number of seeds in a bean and its weight. The highest indicators were obtained with the combined use of Maxim XL and Trichodermin, which led to an increase in the weight of 1000 seeds and total yield. Combined treatment provides the highest profit and profitability (profit – 8991 UAH/ha, profitability – 29.5%). The use of only biological preparations (Trichodermin + Fitosporin-M) also demonstrates a high economic effect (profit – 8705 UAH/ha, profitability – 29.4%), confirming their feasibility in organic and integrated farming systems Biologized treatment with only biological preparations