DYNAMICS OF THE FORMATION OF THE ASSIMILATIVE SURFACE AND GROWTH PROCESSES OF OILSEED RADISH PLANTS DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

N.S. Kovka; V.O. Hrytsyshyn

doi:10.32848/agrar.innov.2026.37.16

N.S. Kovka Vinnytsia National Agrarian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-2678
V.O. Hrytsyshyn PE “Kushelivka Agro” https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8330-5329

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32848/agrar.innov.2026.37.16

Keywords: oilseed radish, growth and development, assimilation surface, organic fertilization, leafiness, productivity

Abstract

Oilseed radish is a promising forage, green manure, and soil-improving crop characterized by high adaptability and intensive vegetative biomass formation. The efficiency of its cultivation is largely determined by the peculiarities of assimilation apparatus formation, which directly affects photosynthetic activity and productivity level. Therefore, studying the influence of growing conditions on plant growth, development, and leaf surface formation is of particular scientific importance. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the peculiarities of growth, assimilation surface formation, and productivity of oilseed radish depending on the level of organic fertilization and varietal characteristics under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted under field conditions at the experimental farm «Ahronomichne». Phenological observations, biometric measurements of plants, the leaf imprint method for determining the assimilation surface area, and records of green mass and dry matter yield were used. Statistical data processing was performed using generally accepted methods of variation statistics. Results. It was established that plant growth significantly depended on fertilization level and varietal characteristics. Plant height increased from 4.2–5.3 cm at the rosette stage to 74.8–104.8 cm at the flowering stage, with the highest values recorded in the Kyyanochka variety under increased nutrient supply. A similar pattern was observed in leaf surface formation, which reached 41.2–62.7 thousand m²/ha at the flowering stage. During ontogenesis, a gradual decrease in leafiness was observed, which was associated with the redistribution of assimilates within the plant. A direct relationship was established between the development of the assimilation apparatus and crop productivity formation. Dry matter yield ranged from 45.8 to 65.9 c/ha, while green mass yield ranged from 188.5 to 266.0 c/ha. The highest values were obtained with the application of the organic fertilizer Greenodin Grey at a rate of 10 t/ha. It was proven that optimization of organic nutrition is a key factor in enhancing growth processes, assimilation surface formation, and productivity of oilseed radish. Conclusions. In summary, it can be stated that the growth and development of oilseed radish plants significantly depend on organic fertilization conditions and varietal characteristics. The most intensive growth processes and assimilation surface formation were observed under an optimal level of organic nutrition. During ontogenesis, a natural change in plant leafiness occurs, which is associated with the redistribution of nutrients. The obtained results confirm a strong relationship between the development of the assimilation apparatus and crop yield level. It was established that optimization of the organic fertilization system is an important factor for increasing the productivity of oilseed radish under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

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