PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS AS A TOOL FOR ENSURING THE ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF AGROECOSYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Abstract
Objective. To summarize the research of modern scientific approaches to the use of phytoremediation as an environmentally safe method of restoring soils contaminated with heavy metals, to determine the role of accumulative plants in the processes of reducing the technogenic load on agroecosystems and to substantiate the prospects for the use of phytoremediation technologies to ensure the ecological safety of agrolandscapes in the context of climate change. Methods. The study was carried out using a complex of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. The information base of the study was the results of modern domestic and foreign scientific works devoted to the problems of soil contamination by heavy metals, phytoremediation, phytoindication, ecological safety of agroecosystems, rational nature management and adaptation of agriculture to climate change. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and systematization of the results of domestic and foreign scientific research on the problems of soil contamination by heavy metals, the features of their migration, the use of accumulating plants and phytoremediation technologies. Results. The work analyzed the main sources of heavy metals entering the soil environment, the features of their accumulation in plants, the mechanisms of phytoextraction, phytostabilization and rhizofiltration. It was established that the effectiveness of phytoremediation depends on the biological characteristics of plants, soil properties, pollutant concentration and hydrothermal conditions. It was shown that climate change can affect the mobility of heavy metals through changes in temperature, soil moisture and acidity, which requires taking these factors into account when choosing phytoremediation technologies. Conclusions. It is substantiated that the use of accumulator plants is one of the promising areas of rational environmental management, contributes to the restoration of soil ecological functions and increases the ecological safety of agroecosystems.
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