THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATES ON THE FORMATION OF SOYBEAN SEED QUALITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the effect of very early to late sowing dates on the formation and level of crude protein and fat content in the seeds of soybean varieties of different maturity groups. Methods. Systematic method, determination of crude protein content by the Kjeldahl method (DSTU 7169:2010), determination of fat in Soxhlet apparatuses by extraction method (DSTU 7577:2014), mathematical and statistical method. Results. It was found that the sowing period from April 20 to May 20 with an interval of 5 days influenced the formation and level of seed quality indicators, in particular the content of crude protein and fat in the seeds of soybean varieties Ambella (ultraearly ripe), Titan (medium-early ripe) and Pallador (medium-ripe). During 2024–2025, the highest crude protein content (39–40%) in the Ambella variety was formed during late sowings, which fell on May 15–20, while fat (21.9%) was formed during sowings from April 20 to May 05; in the Titan variety, the highest crude protein content (40–42%) and fat (21–22%) were formed during sowings up to and including May 10; in the Pallador variety, the highest crude protein content (39–40%) and fat (22–23%) were formed during sowings up to and including May 05. Sowing these varieties earlier or later than the above-mentioned dates led to a decrease in seed quality indicators. It was noted that the genetic potential of the variety also played a major role in shaping seed quality. It was found that the Titan variety prevailed over other varieties studied in terms of crude protein content, while the Pallador variety prevailed in terms of fat content. Conclusions. Thus, the formation of quality indicators of soybean seeds of the varieties Ambella, Titan and Pallador depended on the sowing date and their genetic potential. The optimal dates for the formation of the highest crude protein and fat content in soybean seeds of the varieties Titan and Pallador were earlier dates (from April 20 to May 10). However, in the variety Ambella, the optimal sowing date for the formation of the maximum crude protein content was late (May 15–20), and for fat – early.
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