TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OILSEED CROP CULTIVATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize modern technological aspects of growing major oilseed crops under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, as well as to determine effective agrotechnological measures for increasing crop productivity, seed quality, and adapting production to climate change. Methods. The study was conducted based on the analysis of scientific publications by Ukrainian researchers, materials from scientific institutions, statistical data, and the results of own research. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and systematic approach were used, which made it possible to assess the current state of oilseed crop cultivation technologies and identify the main factors influencing yield formation. Results. It was established that the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine has favorable soil and climatic conditions for growing soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, and oil flax; however, insufficient productive moisture during critical growth stages, increasing temperatures, and uneven precipitation distribution limit production stability. The role of adaptive technological measures was summarized, including crop rotation optimization, sowing dates and methods, fertilization systems, seed inoculation, weed control, growth regulators application, and resource-saving soil tillage practices. It was determined that the use of minimum soil tillage, crop residue retention, soil moisture management, modern varieties and hybrids, as well as precision farming elements contributes to increasing the productivity and efficiency of oilseed crop cultivation. The necessity of a differentiated approach to cultivation technologies of soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, and oil flax was substantiated, taking into account their biological characteristics, nutritional requirements, moisture supply, and resistance to adverse environmental factors. Conclusions. The integrated application of adaptive agrotechnologies, optimized nutrition, modern plant protection systems, and resource-saving technologies ensures stable yields, high product quality, and efficient cultivation of oilseed crops in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Further development of the industry is associated with the implementation of bioadaptive technologies, digitalization, and the use of varieties and hybrids resistant to climatic stresses.
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