Formation of the yield structure of field pea varieties (Pisum sativum L.) depending on the elements of agricultural technology in the conditions of Southern Ukraine

Abstract

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of a growth stimulator and anti-stressor based on amino acids of plant origin and biologically active substances (AminoStar®) on the yield of varieties of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiments were conducted at LLC “SK Sergiyevka” in the Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi district of the Odessa region (46°1′42″ N. lat. 30°22′13″ E.). Three varieties of field peas (grain) were used in the research: the varieties Darunok Stepu, Kruiz, Prystan. Originator: Breeding and Genetic Institute – National Center for Seed Science and Variety Research. AminoStar® is a growth stimulator and anti-stressor of plant origin based on amino acids and biologically active substances. Results. The highest values of the number of grains in the bean were obtained when using the drug AminoStar®. In the Darunok Stepu variety, the average value for two years was 6.2 pcs., which is 0.5 pcs. more compared to the control without treatment. In the Kruiz variety, this indicator reached 6.3 pcs., and the increase relative to the control was 0.4 pcs. The highest number of grains in the bean was formed by the Prystan variety – 6.5 pcs. on average for 2025–2026, which was 0.5 pcs. higher than the control variant. Analysis of the average values by factor A shows that there were also differences between the varieties. On average, by factor B, the lowest indicators were obtained in the control without treatment (5.8 pcs.), somewhat higher – with water treatment (5.9 pcs.), and the maximum – with the use of AminoStar® (6.3 pcs.). This indicates a positive effect of the biostimulant on the formation of the number of grains in the bean regardless of the variety. In all studied varieties, the lowest yield was obtained in the no-treatment variant, while the maximum indicators were provided by the use of the AminoStar® preparation. In addition, in the 2026 growing year, the yield was slightly higher compared to the previous year. The average values for factor B also confirm the positive effect of plant treatment. The lowest yield was provided by the no-treatment control – 2.14 t/ha, water treatment practically did not change this indicator (2.17 t/ha), while the use of the AminoStar® preparation increased the average yield to 2.53 t/ha, which is 0.39 t/ha, or about 18.2%, more compared to the control. Conclusions. The highest number of grains in the bean was formed by the Prystan variety – 6.5 pcs. on average for 2025–2026, which was 0.5 pcs. higher than the control variant. The highest values of the number of grains in beans were obtained with the use of the AminoStar® preparation. On average, the lowest values for the B factor were obtained in the control without treatment (5.8 pcs.), slightly higher – with water treatment (5.9 pcs.), and the maximum – with the use of AminoStar® (6.3 pcs.). This indicates a positive effect of the biostimulant on the formation of the number of grains in beans regardless of the variety. The highest number of grains per plant was formed by the Prystan variety. On average, for 2025–2026, the number of grains per plant was 29.9 pcs. in the control without treatment, 30.4 pcs. with water treatment and 31.0 pcs. after the use of AminoStar®. The use of the AminoStar® preparation is an effective agrotechnical technique for increasing grain yield regardless of the variety. The highest productivity in the experiment was provided by the Prystan variety in combination with treatment with the AminoStar® preparation, where the average yield over two years reached 2.78 t/ha.