Qualitative indicators of green mass depending on the variety of winter rapeseed in the conveyor production of green fodder

Abstract

The aim is to investigate the qualitative indicators of green mass of winter rapeseed varieties for conveyor pro- duction of green fodder in the conditions of the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in 2024–2025 on the experimental fields of the Bogdan and K. PF, Kolomyia district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, on sod-podzolic soil. The winter rapeseed varieties Dembo and Cheremosh were studied. The theoretical basis of the research is the analysis of scientific publications, and the practical one was carried out according to the methodology of field experi- ments. Results. Experimental studies showed that 100 kg of green mass of winter rapeseed contains a significant num- ber of feed units: in the Cheremosh variety – up to 15.8 kg, in the Dembo variety – 14.3 kg. The dry matter content in the green mass ranged from 13.8 % to 15.7 %, protein – 2.3–6.1 %, fiber – 1.9–3.2 %, which indicates the concen- tration of essential nutrients in the feed. The green mass of winter rapeseed contains a signifi- cant amount of carotene (14.6–66.3 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (94.5–98.9 mg/kg), which increases its vitamin value, helps maintain immunity and improve metabolism in ani- mals. Analysis of the chemical composition of the leaf- stem mass showed that the proportion of sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) is 9–12.5 %, which provides an additional source of energy in the diet. The dry matter of green mass contains a high content of ash and macronu- trients: in the Cheremosh variety – ash 10 %, calcium 1.4 %, phosphorus 0.33 %, potassium 1.5 %, sulfur 0.36 %; in the Dembo variety – ash 8 %, calcium 1.2 %, phospho- rus 0.27 %, potassium 1.2 %, sulfur 0.31 %. Micronutrients are represented by iron (437.1–492.4 mg/kg), molybdenum (0.5–0.6 mg/kg) and zinc (15 mg/kg), which ensures the normalization of metabolic processes in animals. The special value of feed is determined by the amino acid composition of protein. In the green mass of win- ter rapeseed, the largest share of essential amino acids is occupied by leucine (2.4–2.6 %), valine (1.5–1.6 %) and arginine (1.5–1.6 %). Lysine, histidine and threonine are present in smaller quantities (1.1–1.2 %, 0.6–0.7 %, 1.2–1.3 %, respectively), which indicates a specific amino acid composition of the plant. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the high biological value of the green mass of winter rapeseed and its prospects as a component of feed rations for cattle and sheep. The use of the Cheremosh and Dembo varieties allows providing animals with high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, increasing feeding efficiency and optimizing the structure of the diet, which makes rapeseed a promising feed crop for modern animal husbandry.