EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLLING THE ENTOMO-PHYTOPATHO-GENIC STATE OF AGROCENOSES OF GRAIN CROP ROTATION UNDER VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF MAIN TREATMENT AND FERTILIZATION OF TYPICAL CHERON SOIL
Abstract
Purpose. To establish the optimal combination of fertilization systems and main tillage, which will ensure the improvement of the entomo-phytopathogenic state of agrobiocenoses and will make it possible to obtain more than 6 tons of grain and 10 tons of feed units and 0.6 tons of digestible protein per hectare of crop rotation. Methods. The study was conducted during 2022–2024 on the experimental field of the Bila Tserkva National Agricultural University. Four options for the main tillage and fertilization of typical chernozem were studied. Results. It was established that in a field specialized five-field grain crop rotation with constant shallow disk cultivation of typical chernozem, the entomo-phytopathogenic state of agrocenoses significantly worsens. The population of peas and winter wheat by meadow moth and winter scoop larva differs significantly under chisel-disk, differentiated and disk cultivations. With increasing fertilizer rates, the number of pests increases. The population of corn (after white mustard) by meadow moth increases significantly under chisel-disk cultivation and significantly decreases under differentiated cultivation. With repeated sowing of corn, this indicator increases significantly under chisel-disk cultivation and insignificantly decreases under differentiated cultivation. The population of winter wheat, peas and corn by wireworms after white mustard is higher than under chisel-disk cultivation, a significant decrease was observed under differentiated cultivation. A significant decrease in the spread and development of brown rust and septoria in the agrocenosis of winter wheat, white rot in the agrocenosis of peas is observed under differentiated cultivation. Conclusions. Taking into account the by-products of arable plants, the productivity of crop rotation is significantly lower than that of the no-till and permanent disk cultivation. The use of cultural plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm under corn with differentiated cultivation in crop rotation provides the highest grain yield on fertilized areas.
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